1. Meaning, nature, scope and characteristics
2. Functions and importance
3. The entrepreneur as a Person
4. Basic concepts in the study of entrepreneurship

Students should be able to:

1. Understand the meaning, nature and characteristics of entrepreneurship
2. Explain the functions and importance of entrepreneurship
3. Describe the characteristics of Commerce;
4. Identify the functions of Commerce.

1. Meaning and importance of Business planning
2. Strategies of Business development and planning
3. Identifying Business Opportunities
4. Identifying Business competitors
5. SWOT Analysis

Students should be able to:

1. State the meaning and importance of business development and planning;
2. Examine techniques of business development and planning;
3. Identify business opportunities and competitors in his/ her area
4. Assess the components of SWOT Analysis.

1. Factors, characteristics and rewards (land, labour, capital and entrepreneur)
2. Division of Labour and specialization
3. Types (primary, secondary and tertiary)

Students should be able to:

1. Identify factors of production, their forms and their reward
2. Distinguish between division of labour and specialization based on comparative advantage
3. Classify the types of production

• Retail trade
• Types of retailers
• Functions of retailers
• Factors to be considered in setting up retail trade
• Trends in retailing (branding, self - service, vending machines,
• the use of luncheon, fuel vouchers, etc)
• Advantages and disadvantages of retailers

Students should be able to:

1. compare the various types of retailers;
2. identify the functions of retailers;
3. highlight the factors in setting up retail trade;
4. classify modern retailing practices;
5. identify the advantages and disadvantages of retail business;

• Types of wholesalers (merchant agent, general, etc)
• Functions of wholesalers
• Advantages and disadvantages of wholesalers 

Students should be able to:

1. classify the types of wholesalers;
2. discuss the functions of wholesalers;
3. outline the merits and demerits of the middleman;

• Basic issues in foreign trade (balance of trade, balance of payments and counter trade)
• Procedures and documents used in export, import and entrepôt trade
• Barriers to international trade
• Role of Customs and Excise Authority, Ports Authority, etc in foreign trade
• Terms of trade (trade discount, quantity discount, cash discount, warranties, etc
• Terms of payments (a. Cash - Legal tender & b. Credit)

Students should be able to:

1. analyse the basic issues in foreign trade;
2. explain the procedures and documents used in foreign trade;
3. identify the barriers to international trade;
4. appraise the role of government agencies in foreign trade;
5. distinguish between cash and credit forms of payment;

• Meaning and types of book keeping
• Procedure and documentation (enquiry, quotation, order, invoice, proforma invoice, statement of accounts, indent, consular invoice, bill of lading, certificate of origin, consignment note, etc)
• The ledger
• The cash book

Students should be able to:

1. explain the meaning and types of cash books
2. examine the procedures and documents used in the purchase and sale of goods;
3. mention the importance of ledger in record keeping
4. outline the essential skills for keeping cash books.

Advertising: 

• Types and media
• Advantages and disadvantages
• Branding and packaging                           

Students should be able to:

1. identify the different types of advertising and its media;
2. analyse the advantages and disadvantages of advertising;
3. examine strategies and importance of business branding and packaging

Banking/Financial Institutions:   

• Functions 
• Services                                                                  
• Challenges

 Students should be able to:

1. categorize the different types of bank/ financial institutions;
2. explain the functions of banks/financial institutions
3. assess the services rendered by banks;
4. identify the challenges facing banks;

• Process and procedure
• Types
• Trends
• Merits and demerits
• Barriers

Students should be able to:

1. assess the different stages in the communication process;
2. analyse the types of communication;
3. appraise the contributions of courier services, GSM, etc., to businesses;
4. state the merits and demerits of communication;
5. outline the barriers to communication

• Types
• Principles
• Terms
• Importance

Students should be able to:

1. describe the types of insurance;
2. apply the principles of insurance to life situations;
3. explain the terms in insurance;
4. state the importance of insurance;

• Mode
• Importance
• Advantages and disadvantages

Students should be able to:

1. appraise the relevance of the various modes of transportation;
2. list the importance of transportation;
3. discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of the mode of transportation.

• Importance
• Types and functions
• Factors to be considered in siting a warehouse

Students should be able to:

1. highlight the importance of warehousing;
2. appraise the contributions of warehouses to businesses.
3. evaluate the factors that determine the siting of warehouses. 

• Forms and features (Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Limited Liability Companies, Public Corporations, Cooperative Societies, etc.)
• Registration of businesses
• Business Mergers
• Determination of choice of business units
• Dissolution and liquidation
• Merits and demerits

Students should be able to:

1. identify the forms and features of business units;
2. analyse the procedures for registering businesses;
3. appraise the different forms of business mergers and the reasons for merging;
4. examine the factors which determine the choice of business units;
5. differentiate between dissolution and liquidation of business;
6. state the merits and demerits of business units. 

• Sources of finance (personal savings, sale of shares and bonds, loans, debentures, mortgage, bank overdraft, ploughing back of profit, credit purchase, leasing, etc.)
• Types of capital (share capital, capital owned, authorized (capital, issued capital, called-up capital, paid-up capital, liquid capital, working capital and owners’ equity)
• Calculation of ratios, profits (gross and net) and turnover
• Problems of sourcing finance
• The role of Bureaux de change in an economy

Students should be able to:

1. identify the various ways of financing a business;
2. discuss the different types of capital
3. compute the different ratios, profits and turnover;
4. appraise the problems associated with sourcing finances for business;
5. assess the role of bureaux de change in an economy.

• Objectives and functions of trade and manufacturer’s associations (Cocoa Farmers’ Association, Garri Sellers’ Association, Poultry Farmers’ Association, etc.)
• Objectives and functions of Chambers of Commerce.

Students should be able to:

1. discuss the objectives and functions of trade and manufacturer’s associations;
2. list the objectives and functions of Chambers of Commerce. 

• Meaning of business funds
• Forms and sources of business funds
• Accessing business loans

Students should be able to:

1. discuss the meaning of business funds;
2. analyse the forms and sources of business funds;
3. appraise the opportunities of business loans. 

• Meaning, Importance and functions
• Types of securities (stocks, shares, bonds, debentures, etc)
• Procedure of transactions and speculations
• Second-Tier Securities Market, (listing requirements, types of companies for the market, advantages and operating regulations of the market.)
• Problems facing the Nigerian Stock Exchange.

Students should be able to:

1. understand the meaning, state the importance and functions of the Stock Exchange;
2. identify the different securities traded on the Stock Exchange;
3. analyse the procedure of transactions and speculations on the Stock Exchange;
4. appraise the advantages and operating regulations of the market;
5. examine the problems facing the Nigerian Stock Exchange

• Functions (planning, organizing, staffing, coordinating, motivating, communicating, controlling etc)
• Principles (span of control, unity of command, delegation of authority, etc)
• Organizational structure (line, line and staff, functional, matrix and committee)
• Functional areas of business (production, marketing, finance and personnel)
• Business resources (man, money, materials, machines and opportunities/goodwill) 

Students should be able to:

1. appraise the functions of management;
2. analyse the principles of management;
3. identify organizational structures;
4. assess the functional areas of business;
5. examine the business resources.

• Importance and Functions
• The marketing concept (consumer orientation, customer satisfaction, integrated marketing, etc)
• Marketing mix (product, price, place and promotion)
• Market Segmentation/ Market Share
• Public relations and Customer Service.

Students should be able to:

1. highlight the importance and functions of marketing;
2. discuss the marketing concept;
3. assess the elements of marketing mix;
4. explain market segmentation/ market share;
5. examine public relations and customer service.

• Meaning and validity of a simple contract
• Agency, Sale of Goods Act and Hire Purchase Act
• Contract of employment
• Government regulations of business (registration of business, patents, trademarks, copyrights, etc)
• Consumer protection (Government legislation, Standards Organization Trade Descriptions Act, Consumer Protection Council, NAFDAC, NDLEA, Customs and Excise, etc.)
• Regulatory agencies.
• Creativity and intellectual rights

Students should be able to:

1. analyse the elements and validity of a simple contract;
2. examine Agency, Sale of Goods Act and Hire Purchase Act;
3. assess the rights and obligations of employers and employees;
4. distinguish between patents, trademarks and copyrights;
5. identify the functions of consumerism;
6. assess the relevance of regulatory agencies and acts in the provision of safe goods and drugs.
7. explain creativity and intellectual rights in business

• Appreciation and application
• Types and functions
• Merits and demerits
• Challenges

• Activities:
• e-commerce
• e-banking
• e-business

Students should be able to:

1. discuss computer appreciation and application;
2. enumerate the types and functions of computer;
3. analyse the merits and demerits of ICT;
4. appraise the challenges of using the computer;
5. identify the different terms used in ICT;
6. evaluate the trends in ICT.

• Legal, political, economic, social, cultural, technological environments, etc
• Safe products, philanthropic and societal consideration
• Types and implication of pollution (water, air, land, etc.)

Students should be able to:

1. discuss the types of business environment;
2. assess the role of social environment in the provision of safe products;
3. identify the different types of pollution and their implications on businesses. 

• Business idea
• Core entrepreneurial/ business skills
• Factors that influence business
• Innovation and entrepreneurial skills

Students should be able to:

1. Know how to develop a business idea;
2. assess core entrepreneurial/ business skills
3. identify the factors that influence business development and success
4. understand the role of innovation and entrepreneurial skills in business success

• Risks identification
• Importance of risk management
• Classification of risk
• Insurability of the risk

Students should be able to:

1. know how to identify business risk
2. identify the importance of risk management
3. explain the classification of risk
4. understand insurability of the risk

• Managing time today
• Form of stress
• How to minimise stress 
• Managing time effectively

Students should be able to:

1. understand the importance of managing time today
2. identify the forms of stress
3. explain how to minimise stress 
4. evaluate how to manage time effectively

Field experience/ industrial attachment exposes students to develop practical skills in various trade areas. At the end, they should be able to achieve and develop business plans.