Social Sciences Journal of Policy Review and Development Strategies (SSJPRDS) and is a reliable source of citations and abstracts to economic and social science research. The aim of the journal is to disseminate knowledge and to promote intellectual discussions, research analyses, and pragmatic studies including critiques on topics relevant to wider area of social sciences. SSJPRDS is a multidisciplinary journal covering subjects such as politics, economics, public sector management, geography, governance, law, foreign trade, corporate social responsibility, business administration, banking/finance, and many others. Scholars and professionals are invited to contribute their knowledge and experience. SSJPRDS publishes only original research papers, research notes and reviews.
International Directorate for Policy and Research
Dr. Hanifa Massawe
Faculty of Law,
Mzumbe University, Mzumbe
Morogoro, TanzaniaEmail: admin@internationalpolicybrief.org; irjp.journals@gmail.com
Professor A. S. Antai
Department of Economics
University of Calabar, NigeriaProfessor Thomas Traynor
Department of Economics
Wright State University, USA.Professor Phil Marpleet
School of Humanities and Social Sciences
University of East London, UKProfessor Ethan B. Mijah
Department of Political Science and Defence Studies
Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna State, NigeriaProfessor Lars Kolvereid
Bodo Graduate School of Business, Norway.Assoc. Professor Bassey Anam
Institute of Public Policy & Administration
University of Calabar, NigeriaAssociate Prof. Anna Ujwary-Gil
National-Louis University, PolandDr. Mohammed Reze Noruzi
Department of Management and Economics
Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranDr. Abiodun Edward
Department of Economics
Federal University, Otuoke, NigeriaDr. Mrutu Lukio
School of Public Admin. and Management
Mzumbe University, Morogoro,
Tanzania, East AfricaDr. Bashir Jumare
Faculty of Social Sciences & Mgt. Studies
Bauchi State University, Nigeria
1Ogunoye, Aderounmu Adebayo & 2Adeyemi, Paul Adeniyi
1Department of Economics, Faculty of the Social Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
2Department of Economics, Faculty of the Social Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
1Martins Nyen Inyang & 2Ezemdi Favouru Kaumunna
1Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Science, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
2Department of Sociology/Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
1Akarara, Ebierinyo Ayebaemi & 2Nikade, Anderson
1Department of Economics;
2Department of Mass Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
1Kussah, Terwase Kimbir, 2Elias Chukwuemeka Ngwu, & 3Chukwu Quentin Chukwuemeka
1Department of Political Science and Diplomacy, Veritas University, Abuja
2&3Social Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka - Nigeria
1Ajokubi, Chinedu Chimamankpa, 2Ofoegbu, Judith Ogechi, 3Nwosu, Juliet Chizoba, 4Izuogu, Augustine Chinedu, 5Uwandu, Charles Ifeanyi & 6Kwaba, Onyinyechi Vivian
1,2,3,4,5&6Department of Criminology and Security Studies, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, P.M.B. 1038 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Emley A. Holcombe
Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, United States
1Daniel Leku Ishaya, 2Aderinto John Adegoke, & 3Shitu Shuaibu Umar
1Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences;
3Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
2Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Federal University, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
1John Ikechukwu Okpara & 2David Sese
1&2Federal University Otuoke, PMB 126, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
1Dole Faith, 2Ezie Obumneke, & 3Aigbedion I. Marvelous
1,2&3Department of Economics, Bingham University Karu
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Akpanke Thomas Akpanke
1&2Institute of Public Policy and Administration,University of Calabar, Calabar
1Barisuka, P. B., 2Salvation, E. U., 3Gagariga, W. I., 4Ukuwrere, A. D., & 5Etekpe, A.
1,2,3,4&5Department of Political Science; Department of Faculty of Social Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Anakari Tabitha Egan
1Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
2Department Public Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
Ene, Warikiente Robert
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Federal University, Otuoke
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Archibong Okon Ironbar
1Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
2Department Public Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
1Amoramo, John Davis & 2John, Utibe Monday
1Department of Educational Management, University of Calabar, Calabar-Nigeria
2Department of Public Administrations, University of Calabar, Calabar-Nigeria
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Efioanwan Essien Nyong
1&2Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
1Dalong, Fatima & 2Izu, S. Iroro
1&2Department of Political Science and International Relations, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Faith Adziza Ogbeide
1Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
2Department Public Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
1Ohazulike, Leo Atuchukwu, 2Asiagwu, Catherine Ekene, 3Ikhazuagbe, Nurudeen, 4Ohale, Vinasus Williams, & 5Emecheta, Michael Brown Ugochukwu
1Department of Marketing, Faculty of Management Sciences,Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus, Nigeria
2Department of Marketing, Faculty of Management Sciences, Dennis Osadebe University Asaba
3Department of Marketing, Auchi Polytechnic Auchi Edo State
4Department of Marketing, School of Business Administration, Imo State University, Owerri
5Administrator, Anll Green, Schools, Kwale, Delta State
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Okokon Ekpenyong Ita & 3Emmanuel Peter Isek
1,2&3Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
1Dabish Dorcas Naankar, 2Oniore O. Jonathan, & 3Ogwuche D. David
1,2&3Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bingham University Karu
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Kingsley Etuk Ekuri
1Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
2Department Public Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
1Emmanuel Eche, 2Justina Yator Sorkaa, 3Sani Mathew Emmanuel & 4Dauda Ibrahim Danasabe
1,3&4Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Federal University Wukari
2Moses Orshio Adasu University, Makurdi, Benue State
John Spyropoulos
UCL Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, London
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Offiong Eyo Essien
1Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
2Department Public Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
1Daniels, Funmilayo Rinsola & 2Soetan, Timothy Adisa
1&2Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan –Remo, Ogun State
1Akogwu Gabriel, 2Ezie Obumneke, & 3Oniore Jonathan
1,2&3Department of Economics,Faculty of Social Sciences, Bingham University Karu
Uzoh, Esther E. C.
Department of Social Work, University of Calabar
1Musa Joshua Ibrahim, 2Akpan S. Michael, & 3Ogwuche D. David
1,2&3Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bingham University Karu, Nigeria
1Muhammed Senusi & 2Ebune Okpanachi Japheth
1Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Baze University
2Department of Public Administration, Nasarawa State University Keffi
1Abubakar Ibrahim & 2Aminu Yusuf
1Department of Public Administration, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda
2Department of Accountancy, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda
Ojonimi Ferdinand Edino
Department of Public Administration, Federal University Lokoja
The International Journal of Scientific Research in Social Sciences and Management Studies (IJSRSSMS) aims at promoting quality research in related discipline of Social and Management Sciences. It publishes both applied and theoretical issues. The scope of the Journal covers research articles, original research reports, reviews and scientific commentaries in all areas of Social and Management Sciences. Interdisciplinary approach to research unity is also encouraged in IJSRSSMS which fortes research ideas from Multiple Scientific backgrounds. All articles published in IJSRSSMS are peer reviewed and published in Open Access basis.
Rohit Kumar Verma
Study Centre - Institute of Law (SOS),
Jiwaji University Gwalior, (M.P)-INDIAEmail: admin@internationalpolicybrief.org; irjp.journals@gmail.com
Professor Nathaniel Ozigbo
Department of Business Administration
University of Abuja, NigeriaProfessor Lars Kolvereid
Bodo Graduate School of Business, Norway
Prof. Kevin Chas
Lingman University, Hong KongProfessor Damian Mbaegbu
Department of Business Administration
Madonna University, Okija - NigeriaProfessor Magaret Kabuoh
Department of Business Administration and Marketing
Babcock University, NigeriaDr. Mustafa Isedu
Department of Banking and Finance
Faculty of Management Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma - Nigeria
1Itoro P. Ubi-Abai & 2Alex O. Iriabije
1Department of Economics, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Nigeria
2Department of Economics, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Sekyen Kumshin Bakle
Department of Economics Education, Federal University of Education, Pankshin, Nigeria
1Dogubo, Blessing Ebi & 2Yinkore, Diana Seye
1Department of Social Studies, Isaac Jasper Boro College of Education, Sagbama
2Department of Educational Foundations, Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Bayelsa State
1Samuel B. Kalagbor & 2Victoria Osaruchi Sam-Kalagbor
Department of Political Science, Rivers State University Department of Educational Management, Rivers State University
1Kussah, Terwase Kimbir, 2Elias Chukwuemeka Ngwu, & 3Chinedu Ezekwu
1&3Department of Political Science and Diplomacy,Veritas University, Abuja
2Social Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka - Nigeria
1Dole Faith, 2Ezie Obumneke, & 3Aigbedion I. Marvelous
1,2&3Department of Economics, Bingham University, Karu
1Idi Jamok Arandong & 2Joy Philip Mshelmbula
1&2Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Jos
1Iloka Nkem Virginia, 2Abubakar Muhammad Magaji & 3Kabiru Ibrahim
1Department of Marketing, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria
2Department of Business Administration, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria
3Registry Department, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara, Nigeria
1Abdulraheem Isah, & 2Isah David
1&2Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Abuja
1Oremodu, Solomon Akinsanya & 2Barretto, Omolara A.
1Department of Business Administration, Caleb University, Imota, Lagos-State, Nigeria
2Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan –Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Brady Alexander Currit
Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, United States
1Herbertson, E. A., 2Makinde, O. G., 3Worimegbe, P. M., & 4Akitunde, O. O.
1,2,3&4Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
1Nkantion, U. N., 2Inyang, A. B., 3Udo, A. B., 4Umana, M. E., & 5Ekpo, S. U.
1&2Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management & Social Sciences;
3Department of Economics, Faculty of Management & Social Sciences;
4Department Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Topfaith University, Mkpatak, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
5Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences,University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
1Kolawole, O. D., 2Binuyo, A. O., 3Akpa, V. O., & 4Esator, G. O.
1,2,3&4Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
1Daniel Leku Ishaya, 2Aderinto John Adegoke, & 3Shitu Shuaibu Umar
1Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences,
3Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
2Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Enomfon Philip Akpan
1Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar
2Department of Public Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
1Shanh, Daniel Austine, 2Akeem A. Kenku, & 3Emmanuel Okechukwu
1,2&3Department of Psychology,Nasarawa State University, Keffi
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Nsefik-Eyo Miranda Effiom
1Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
2Department of Public and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
1Benson Adeleke Ayeomoni, 2N. D. Gado & 3V. Kassah
1,2&3Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Administration and Management Sciences, Bingham University, Karu
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Blessing Fidelis Ejabu
1Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
2Department of Public and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
1Adigizey, John Dollay, & 2Yaro, Fatimah Anthony
1Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
2Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe, Gombe State.
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Inyang Okon Ita
1Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
2Department of Public and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
1Obadofin, A. Usman & 2Izu, S. Iroro
1&2Department of Political Science and International Relations, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Akon Ekpo Esien
1Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
2Department of Public and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
1Onu Ada & 2Bello Sanusi Sambo
1&2Faculty of Social and Management Science, Department of Accounting Air force Institute of Technology, Kaduna
1Ibhiedu, Amos Omonkomiomhen, 2Owolabi, Titilayo Joy, 3Umukoro, Blessing Obukowho, & 4Taylor, Obubeleye Tonte
1,2,3&4Department of Business Administration and Marketing, Babcock University, Nigeria
1Onabe Deborah Bombum, 2Abang Reuben Ogar,3Regina Jaka Reubenogar Abang, 4Lydia Kingsley Ambor, 5Julia Ayek Bassey & 6Nku George Ekong
1Department of Educational Management;
2,4&5Institute of Public Policy Administration;
3Department of Accounting, Faculty of Administration and Management Science;
6Department of Statistics, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
1Akogwu Gabriel, 2Ezie Obumneke, & 3Oniore Jonathan
1,2&3Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bingham University Karu
The International Journal of Innovative Research in Arts, Education and Technology (IJIRAET) is a peer reviewed journal that publishes research findings, reviews and field reports in the field of Arts, Education and Technology. The Journal promotes a blind peer process and is published bi-annually.
International Scientific Research Consortium
Dr. Abdulazeez D. El-Ladan
The Future Institute
10 Coventry Innovation Village
Coventry University
Technology Park, CV1 2TL, United KingdomEmail: admin@internationalpolicybrief.org; irjp.journals@gmail.com
Prof. (Sr.) Mary-Noelle Ethel N. Ezeh
Department of Religion and Society
Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University
Anambra State - NigeriaProfessor Phil Marplet
School of Humanities and Social Sciences
University of East London, UKDr. Manoj Shukla
Dept. of Electronics Engineering
Harcourt Butler Technological InstituteClement Ayarebilla Ali
University of Education, Winneba Ghana
Sanusi, Akeem Akintunde
Department of Fine and Applied Arts, Federal College of Education (Sp.) Oyo, Nigeria
1Ajadi, Babatunde Mustafa & 2Ahmed Kazeem Sabi
1&2Department of English, School of Languages Kwara State College of Education, Umoru Saro Road, Ilorin, Nigeria.
1Williams I. A., 2Yakubu I, 3Adamu Z, & 4Saleh M. A.
1Department of Business Education, Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria
2&3Department of Agricultural Science Education, Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria
4Department of Vocational and Technical Education, ABU Zaria
1Okechi Uhuka Anunobi, 2Nwovuhoma Ihua-Jonathan & 3Joyce Chisoma Wodi
1&3Department of Educational “Management, Faculty of Education Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State
2Institute of Education, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State
Bako Samuel Dulang
Government Senior Secondary School, Kabong, Jos, Plateau State
Hassan Auta Miringa
Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education and Management Sciences, Yobe State University, Damaturu, P.M.B. 1144 Damaturu-Nigeria
Brianna Donnelly
Department of Kinesiology West Chester University West Chester, Pennsylvania
1Irene Uzezi Berezi & 2Esther Ayebatorudigimigha Yibakuro
1Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State
2Department of Agricultural Science Education Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State
1Yusuf Madawaki, 2Shehu Dangarba, 3Martins Terzungwe Amough, 4Chigozie Chinedu Agbodike & 5Thomas Terna Aule
1&4Department of Architectural Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Nigeria
2&5Department of Architecture, Federal University of Applied Sciences, Kachia, Nigeria
3Department of Architecture, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria
Dennis Mary Chinonye
Department of Computer Science,University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Umuagwo
Sadibo, O. V.
Department of Securities and Investment Management, School of Logistic and Innovation Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
1Faruk Obafemi Yahaya, 2Tijjani Ishaq Nuhu & 3Thomas Terra Aule
1&2Department of Architectural Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Daura, Nigeria
3Department of Architectural Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Kauran Namoda, Nigeria
1Asiya Hassanu, 2Abdurahman Hassan & 3Muhsin Hassanu
1Department of Science Education Umyu Katsina
2National Board for Technical Education
3University of West Scotland UK
1Daniel Leku Ishaya, 2Aderinto John Adegoke, & 3Shitu Shuaibu Umar
1Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
2Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Federal University, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
3Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
1Tolulope Victoria Gbadamosi & 2Omolara Akinfenwa
1&2Department of Arts and Social Sciences Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
1Khadijat Isah, 2Wilson Oserada, 3Maifata, Nurudeen Muazu, & 4Hassan, Mallam Ibrahim
1,2,3&4Department of Library and Information Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi
1Okey-Ejiowhor, C. H. & 2Alozie, G. C.
1Department of Architecture, Rivers State University. Port Harcourt
2Department of Architecture, Abia State University, Uturu
Education and Science Journal of Policy Review and Curriculum Development (ESJPRCD) publish research articles relating to education and sciences. It publishes original research findings, experiments, action research, case studies, peer review articles in the fields of education and sciences. The objective is to create forum for researchers in education and sciences to publish their research findings
International Scientific Research Consortium
Dr. Abdulazeez D. El-Ladan
The Future Institute
10 Coventry Innovation Village
Coventry University
Technology Park, CV1 2TL, United Kingdomadmin@internationalpolicybrief.org; irjp.journals@gmail.com
Professor Adebayo Elizabeth
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension
School of Agric and Agric Tech., MAUTECH, Yola- Adamawa State, NigeriaProf. (Sr.) Mary-Noelle Ethel N. Ezeh
Department of Religion and Society
Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State - NigeriaProf. Babajide Veronica
Department of Science and Technology Education,
University of LagosDr. Jifeng Wang
University of Illinois, USADr. Clement Ayarebilla Ali
University of Education, Winneba, GhanaDr. Manoj Shukka
Department of Electronic Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute
Nawabganj, Kanpur, UĪar Pradesh 208002, IndiaEngr. Ramatu Abarshi
Department of Electrical Engineering
Kaduna Polytechnic, NigeriaIjeoma Jacinta Nwokolo
Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology
Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Delta State, Nigeria
Asiya Hassanu
Department of Science Education, Umaru Musa Musa Yaradua University Katsina
1Ifunanya Nkechi Ohamobi & 2Gloria Chineze Osegbue
1&2Faculty of Education,Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Igbariam Campus,Anambra State, Nigeria
Joyce Chisoma Wodi
Department of Educational Management,Faulty of Education, Rivers State University, Nkpolu Oroworukwo,Port Harcourt
1Tachia Philip Nambeh & 2Yakubu Yohanna Adamu
1Department of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Technology and Industrial Studies,Father Adasu University, Makurdi. Benue State, Nigeria
2Department of Architectural Technology, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi. Bauchi State, Nigeria
1Lawrence Ikati & 2Chamberlain, P. KrenIkidi
1Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island,Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
2Department of Business Education, Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, Bayelsa State Nigeria
1Mohammed Isa Juliana & 2Elems-Ikwegbu, Helen Ngozi
1&2Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt
1Awwal Yahaya Abdullahi, 2Saidu Yushau, 3Hafsat Usman Kasim & 4Ismail Abubakar
1,2&4Department of General Education;
3Department of General Studies, School of Vocational and Technical Education & School of Advance and General Studies, Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria
1Eliphaletphebe Chinyere Amaewhule & 2Okechi Uhuka Anunobi
1&2Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State
1Onabe Deborah Bombum & 2Abang Reuben Ogar
1Department of Educational Management, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
2Department of Gender Development and Policy Studies, Institute of Public Policy Administration University of Calabar, Calabar
Roseline Nkechinyere Okafor
School of General Education,Benjamin Uwajumogu (State) College of Education, IhiĪe/Uboma, Imo State
1Gloria Chineze Osegbue & 2Ifunanya Nkechi Ohamobi
1&2Faculty of Education Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Igbariam Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
Amina Mohammed
Department of Educational Foundations, Federal College of Education, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
David Agwom Abok
Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Jos, Nigeria
Onyemachi Chioma Esther
Social Studies Education, Benjamin Uwajumogu (State) College of Education IhiĪe Uboma
1Paul Ingiona Adie, 2Martha Edu Akanimoh, 3Charles Bassey Arikpo, 4Unanam, Anthony 5Cosmas, Erim Kingsley 6Ongho, Akemi, Ako Eyo & 7Ugbong Godwin Ambbelina
1Department of Educational Technology, Faculty of Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education, College of Education, University of Calabar, Nigeria
2,3,4,5,6&7Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Educational Foundation Studies, College of Education, University of Calabar, Nigeria.
Christie N. Armstrong
Department of Educational Foundations and Policy Studies, West Chester University, Pennsylvania
31Isa, Asabe Raheenat, 2Ajadi, Babatunde Mustafa, & 3Ishola, Abdulkareem Farooq
1&2Department of English, School of Languages, Kwara State College of Education, Umaru Saro Road, Ilorin, Nigeria
3Department of Arts Education, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
1Ajayi, A. A., 2Azowenunebi, L. O. & 3Omoruysi, E. E.
1&2Department of Physics Education, School of Science Education Federal College of Education (Tech.) Akoka, Yaba Lagos
3Department of Curriculum Studies and Instructional Technology Federal College of Education (Tech.) Akoka, in Affiliation with University of Benin, Benin City Edo State
1Sideeqoh Oluwaseun 2Shosanya, Olayinka Olufunmilayo Olusanya, 3Ademola Abiodun Omilabu, & 4Babatunde Michael Alamu
1,2,3,4Department of Computer Science, Tai Solarin Federal University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun State, Nigeria
1Innocent Chile Nzeh, 2Ifeoma Sandralyn Obiukwu, 3Ogechi Gabriel Okafor, 4Chike Godfrey Onyeacho, & 5Cajetan Chima Anuforo
1Department of Cooperative and Rural Development;
3Department of Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution;
4Department of Criminology and Security Studies, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria
2Department of Economics, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri, Imo State, NG
5Department of Economics, University on the Niger, Umunya, Anambra State
1Williams I. A., 2Yakubu I., 3Adamu Z., & 4Saleh M. A.
1Department of Business Education, Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria
2&3Department of Agricultural Science Education, Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria
4Department of Vocational and Technical Education, ABU Zaria
1Helen N. Elems-Ikwegbu & 2Juliana Isa Mohammed
1&2Department of Educational Foundations Faculty of Education, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt
Bruce, Olive Agbonma
Department of General Studies Education, Federal College of Education - Ekiadolor, Benin City
1Yusuf Aliyu Umar, 2Usman Mohammed, 3Muhammad Sirajo 4Aliyu, Ibrahim Alhaji lawal, 5Muhammad, Abdullahi, Sabo, & 6Mohammed Abdullahi Mohammed
1Dept. of Computer Science, Maryam Abacha American University of Niger Republic
2Dept. of Information Technology, Bayero University, Kano
3Dept. of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria.
4Dept. of Information Technology;
5Dept. of Public Health, Maryam Abacha American University of Nigeria, Kano
6Department of Business Management, Federal University Dustin-ma, Katsina State
1Abuo, R. O. & 2Alozie, G. C.
1Department of Architecture University of Cross River State, Calabar
2Department of Architecture, Abia State University, Uturu
1Asoegwu, C. Obianuju & 2Izu, S. Iroro
1&2Department of Political Science and International Relations Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja
New researches in Entrepreneurship, Engineering and Biomedical Research are critical issues published in the International Journal of Strategic Research in Entrepreneurship, Engineering and Biomedical Research. ĉe Editorial Team adopts a blind-peer review process in assessing submissions. ĉe Journal is open access, enhance scholarship and professionalism.
International ScientiÄ—c Research Consortium
Dr. Abdulazeez D. El-Ladan
The Future Institute
10 Coventry Innovation Village
Coventry University
Technology Park, CV1 2TL, United Kingdomadmin@internationalpolicybrief.org; irjp.journals@gmail.com
Dr. Abdulazeez D. El-Ladan
Coventry University, UKProfessor Adebayo, Elizabeth
MAUTECH, NigeriaProfessor Chukwuemeka Jude Diji
Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research, Innovations, Consultancy and Extension)
Kampala International University, Kampala - UgandaProfessor Damian Mbaegbu
Madonna University, Okija NigeriaEngr. Ramatu Abarshi
Department of Electrical Engineering
Kaduna Polytechnic, Nigeria
1Innocent Chile Nzeh, 2Egwenike Uchechukwu Chrisogonus, 3Ugonna Augustina Kalu-Okoro, 4Cajetan Chima Anuforo & 5Ifeoma Sandralyn Obiukwu
1Department of Cooperative and Rural Development,
2&3Department of Entrepreneurship, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (UAES), Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria
4Department of Economics, University on the Niger, Umunya, Anambra State
5Department of Economics, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria
1Salihu M. Zakariya & 2Muhammad Ameen Yaqub
1&2Department of Civil Engineering,Federal University of Technology Babura, Jigawa State, Nigeria
Sylvia Nyamai
School of Humanities & Social Sciences,United States International University- Africa
Dennis Mary Chinonye
Department of Computer Science, University of Agriculture and Environmental Science Umuagwo
1Auwalu Sulaiman, 2Abdulrahman Muhammad Atiku, 3Sumayya Rabiu Muhammad, 4Umar Farouq Zubair, 5Ahmad Buhari Bala, 6Zainab Balarabe Adam & 7Rabia Lawan Danwawu
1,2,3,4,5&7Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Daura, Katsina State
6Department of Biochemistry, Skyline University Nigeria.
1Ajibola Abdulrahamon Ishola, 2Akeem Adekunle Kenku, & 3Samuel Princewill Asuquo
1Department of Audiology, Federal University of Health Sciences, Ila-Orangun, Nigeria
2Department of Psychology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
3Crifosec Nigeria Limited, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
1Kehinde Oyelayo Oyelade & 2Roseline Sama
1&2Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ebonyi State
The International Journal of Entrepreneurial Development, Education and Science Research (IJEDESR) takes an interdisciplinary approach and focuses on qualitative and quantitative research in all areas of management, business innovations, entrepreneurship education and science.
International Scientific Research Consortium
Dr. Abdulazeez D. El-Ladan
The Future Institute
10 Coventry Innovation Village
Coventry University
Technology Park, CV1 2TL, United Kingdom
Email: admin@internationalpolicybrief.org
Professor Adebayo Elizabeth
School of Agric and Agric Technology
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension
MAUTECH, Yola- Adamawa State, NigeriaProfessor Diji Chukwuemeka
Research, Innovation, Consultancy & Extension
Kampala International University, UgandaProfessor Lars Kolvereid
Bodo Graduate School of Business, Norway.Professor Damian Mbaegbu
Department of Business Administration
Madonna University, Okija- NigeriaAssociate Prof. Anna Ujwary-Gil
National-Louis University, PolandDr. M.A. Dorgham
International Centre for Technology and Management, UKDr. Sara Maioli
Department of Business Administration,
Newcastle University, UK
1Ayedun, Taiwo Akinyemi, & 2Popoola, Emmanuel Abidemi
1&2Department of Entrepreneurship, School of Logistics & Innovation Technology The Federal University of Technology, Akure
1Mika'ilu, Abdulrahman & 2Abdullahi, Altine
1School of General Studies, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto.
2Department of Primary Education, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto
1Lawan Alhaji Bukar & 2Oko-Oboh Jude
1Department of Business Management,Umar Ibn Ibrahim El-Kanemi College of Education Science and Technology Bama Borno State
2Department of Accounting,Umar Ibn Ibrahim El-Kanemi College of Education Science and Technology Bama Borno State
1Catherine Kaning Agbongiasede, 2Ategwu Patrick Ogar, 3Martha Edu Akanimoh, 4Sunday Maria Ofie & 5Wanunnu Blessing Iheoma
1,3&4Department of Educational Psychology;
5Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Educational Foundation Studies,University of Calabar, Calabar,Cross River State, Nigeria.
2Department of Educational Foundations, School of Education,Saint Augustine University of Tanzania.
1Onwunali, M. R. O., 2Waziri, U. A. & 3Oparandudu, G. O.
1,2&3Department of Agricultural Education, Faculty of Vocational and Technical Education,Federal University of Education,Zaria
Chyna Hart
Department of Educational Foundations and Policy Studies, West Chester University of Pennsylvania West Chester, Pennsylvania
1Nwokocha, Emeka Gift, 2Owhoeke, Nwameze Goerge, 3Osah Austin Abali & 4Obi, Jennifer Ifeoma
1,2,3&4School of Secondary Education (Business), Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Rivers State, Nigeria
Dennis Mary Chinonye
Department of Computer Science, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria.
1Nkantion, N. U., 2Inyang, J. A. & 3Enyiekere, G.
1,2&3Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, Nigeria
1Abdul Yahaya, 2Anselm Victory Daniel, 3Himikaye Oyedeji David, & 4Abubakar Isah
1Department of Political Science,Prince Abukakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State, PMB 1008
2Department of Public Administration, School of Management Studies,
3Department of History and International Studies, School of General Studies,
4Registry Department,Kogi State Polytechnic, Lokoja, PMB 1101
1Bilkisu Ahmed Abdu & 2Fatahu Aliyu Matazu
1&2Department of Quantity Surveying, College of Environmental Studies. Kaduna Polytechnic. Kaduna. Nigeria
1Abubakar Muhammad, 2Zainab Aliyu Musa, 3Adonu Sunday Ejiyime & 4Atika Ahmed Jibrin
1,2,3&4Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi (Nigeria)
1Awesu, I. B., 2Oduyoye, O. O., 3Soetan, T. A., & 4Bamidele, G. A.
1,2,3,&4Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria
1Adesina Helen T., 2Kabuoh Margret N. & 3Ibhiedu, Amos O.
1,2&3Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan–Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
1Malachy Ashywel Ugbaka & 2Joseph Nsabe Ndome
1&2Department of Economics, University of Calabar
1Anam, Ekpenyonganwan Godwin, 2Ogbeche, Mary Mark, 3Andeshi, Wendy Alorye & 4Ugian, Mary Anyin
1,2,3&4Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Educational Foundation Studies,College of Education, University of Calabar, Calabar
1Kolawole Enock O., 2Kabuoh Margret N. & 3Worimegbe Powel M.
1,2&3Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan–Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Aneke, C. G.
Department of Architecture, Imo State Polytechnic Omuma
1Temitope Adetoun Funsho & 2Olugbenga Ayodeji Bamidele
1&2Department of Business Administration and Marketing, Babcock University, Ilisha-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
1Mairo Umar, 2Suleiman Sa'ad, 3Wulshiri Pius, & 4Mohammed BashirRibadu
1,3&4Department of Information Technology, Modibbo Adama University, Yola – Nigeria
2Department of Cybersecurity, Modibbo Adama University, Yola– Nigeria
1Oko Maryvivian C., 2Ile C. M., & 3Wagbara, S. O.
1Department of Business Education, Faculty of Education Ebonyi State University, Nigeria
2Department of Business Education, Faculty of Vocational Technology Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
3Department of Business Education, Faculty of Education, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt
1Chukwu-njoku Nnamdi, 2Enyinna Gregory Chimere, 3Egbujor Kelechi Jude, 4Echeme Ibeawuchi Ifeanyi & 5Ofoegbu Rosemary Onyinyechi
1,2&4Project Management Technology Department, Federal University of Technology, Owerri
3Registry Department, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri
5Accountancy Department, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri
Bassey Ekpenyong Anam
Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar.
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2ElizabethNkanu Ubi
1&2Institute of Public Policy and Administration,University of Calabar, Calabar
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Melvis Besong
1Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
2Department of Public Administration, University of Calabar. Calabar
Research papers published in the International Journal of Comparative Studies in International Relations and Development (IJCSIRD) addresses political, social, economic, and environmental change in local, national, and international contexts. Major areas of investigation include political and state institutions, the effects of a changing international economy, political-economic models of growth and distribution, and the transformation of social structure and culture. In addition to research articles, the journal publishes occasional reviews that summarizes and assesses particular areas of research and contribution to debates about the conduct of social science research.
International Scientific Research Consortium
Dr. Abdulazeez D. El-Ladan
The Future Institute
10 Coventry Innovation Village
Coventry University
Technology Park, CV1 2TL, United Kingdom
admin@internationalpolicybrief.org
Professor Yusufu Ali Zoaka
Department of Political Science
University of Abuja, NigeriaProfessor Phil Marplet
School of Humanities and Social Sciences
University of East London, UKProfessor Magaji Bello Mohammed
American University of Nigeria, Adamawa State- NigeriaAssociate Prof. Kevin Chas
Department of Sociology and Social Policy
Lingnan University, Hon KongDr. Ruwhuoma Doris Chukwu
Department of Political and Administrative Studies
Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Salifu, Gabriel
Department of Religious Studies and Philosophy, Redeemers University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
Bassey Ekpenyong Anam
Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar
1Malachy Ashywel Ugbaka, 2Joseph Nsabe Ndome & 3Scholastica A. Abuh-Amasi
1,2&3Department of Economics, University of Calabar, Cross River State
1Makinde, G. Olubisi, 2Soetan, T. A. & 3Falade, Adeyinka Felix
1,2&3Department of Business Administration, Babcock University
Ik Joon Min
University of St Andrews, Scotland
1Kabuoh Margret N., 2Worimegbe Powel M. & 3Kolawole Enock O.
1,2&3Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan –Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Adaku A. Ubelejit-Nte
Department of Sociology,University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
1Emmanuel Agi Adinya & 2Bassey Ekpenyong Anam
1Department of Public Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar- Nigeria
2Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar- Nigeria
1Ayamba, Itojong Anthony, 2Anam, Bassey Ekpenyong, 3Etim, Glory Bassey & 4Paulinus, Kopurum Chiamaka
1,3&4Department of Public Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar- Nigeria
2Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar- Nigeria
1Ayodeji Idowu & 2Y.T. Babalola
1&2Department of Information Resources Management,Babcock University, Ilishan –Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
1Mohammed Ahmad, 2Adamu Ahmed, 3Badiyya Mahmud & 4Hafsat H. Degri
1,2,3&4Department of Sociology,Gombe State University, Gombe, Gombe State
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Iman Isukise Edet
1&2Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
1Auwal Isa, 2Muhammed Isah, & 3Hajara Isa
1,2&3Department of Intelligence and Security Studies,Faculty of Military Science and Interdisciplinary Studies Nigerian Defence Academy (Kaduna)
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Edak-Amika John Ekanem
1&2Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
Mark E. Parks
Department of Economics,University of St Andrews, Scotland
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Kelly Ndoma Ogar & 3Emmnauel Peter Isek
1,2&3Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
1Justina Yator Sorkaa, 2Emmanuel Eche, & 3Sani Mathew Emmanuel
1Moses Orshio Adasu University, Makurdi, Benue State
2&3Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences Federal University Wukari
The International Journal of Advanced Studies in Business Strategies and Management (IJASBSM) is an international, open-access journal that publishes scientific research articles, peer reviewed and scientific manuscripts and survey based contributions focusing all aspects of business, management, and organizational decisions which would be of interest to academics and practitioners. IJASBSM highlights business process modelling, simulation, integration and management using emerging and advanced technologies. The aim of the journal is to bring together research fellows from academia and professional practitioners from industry to enlighten the latest topics of interest and building long lasting collaborations.
Professor Nathaniel C. Ozigbo
Department of Business Administration
University of Abuja, NigeriaProfessor Kevin Chas
Department of Sociology and Social Policy
Lingan University, Hon KongProfessor A. S. Antai
Department of Economics
University of Calabar, NigeriaProfessor Damian Mbaegbu
Department of Business Administration,
Madona University, NigeriaDr. Francis Banuro
University of Ghana Business School
Accra, GhanaDr. S. K Nagarajan
Department of Business Administration
Annamalai University, Tamil NaduDr. Mustafa Isedu
Department of Banking and Finance Faculty of Management Sciences,
Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma - Nigeria
1Samson Ehada & 2Linus Kevin
1&2Department of Accountancy, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna
1Oko-Oboh Jude & 2Lawan Alhaji Bukar
1Accounting Department,Umar Ibn Ibrahim El-Kanemi College of Education Science and Technology Bama Borno State
2Department of Business Management,Umar Ibn Ibrahim El-Kanemi College of Education Science and Technology Bama Borno State
1Clement Adewole, 2Akintunde Ayeni, & 3Queendaline Amaefule
1,2&3Department of Banking and Finance, University of Jos
1Awesu, I. B., 2Oduyoye, O. O., 3Soetan, T. A., & 4Bamidele, G. A.
1,2,3,&4 Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria
1Cindy Nneoma Odoemene & 2Dauda Yusuf Wotu
1Department of Business Administration, Westcliff University Irvine, California
2Department of Sociology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi
Mekdes Ayenalem
Department of Business Management School of Graduate Studies, St. Mary's University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
1Kabuoh Margret N., 2Ibhiedu, Amos O., & 3Adesina Helen T.
1,2&3Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan –Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
1Akutson, Seth & 2Awolusi, Oluwasegun Ayodele
1&2Institute of Capital Market Studies, Nassarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
Wisdom Selekekeme Krokeyi
Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State
1Adahama Ibrahim Haladu, 2Ali Salisu & 3Mu'azu Yunusa Riruwai
1&2Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, Bayero University Kano
3Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, Bayero University Kano
1Egbita Patience, 2Akpan S. Michael, & 3Aigbedion I. Marvelous
1,2&3Department of Economics,Faculty of Social Sciences, Bingham University Karu
1Felicia Uloka, 2Haruna Isiaka, 3Emeje Basil Ugbede & 4Abubakar Isah
1&3Department of Public Administration, School of Management Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba Kogi State, PMB 1008
2Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of General and Administrative Studies Federal Polytechnic Idah
4Registry Department, Kogi State Polytechnic Lokoja, P.M.B 1101
1Ngati Danjuma Joseph, 2John O. Aiyedogbon & 3Obumneke Ezie
1,2&3Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bingham University Karu
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Essien Asuquo Inyang
1&2Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
1Emmanuel Eche, 2Davou Dung Danboyi, 3Justina Yator Sorkaa, & 4Sani Mathew Emmanuel
1&4Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Federal University Wuka
2Department of Economics, Kwararafa University Wukar
3Moses Orshio Adasu University, Makurdi, Benue State
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Paschal Ebi Nsoja
1&2Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
1Bassey Ekpenyong Anam & 2Peter Raymond Ejue
1&2Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
The International Journal of Advanced Research in Tourism, Environment and Social Science (IJARTESS) offers a comprehensive platform for rigorous academic research and strategic insights in the field of tourism. With a focus on innovation and excellence, IJARTESS provides valuable contributions to both theory and practice, serving as a vital resource for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. Through its commitment to high-quality publications and interdisciplinary perspectives, the journal seeks to advance knowledge and shape the future of tourism research and strategy.
International Scientific Research Consortium
Dr. Abdulazeez D. El-Ladan
The Future Institute
10 Coventry Innovation Village
Coventry University
Technology Park, CV1 2TL, United Kingdom
admin@internationalpolicybrief.org
Professor Judipat Obiora
Department of Hospitality Management and Tourism,
Faculty of Management Science, University of Port HarcourtAssociate Prof. Kevin Chas
Department of Sociology and Social Policy
Ligman University, Hong KongAssociate Prof. Anna Ujwary-Gil
National-Louis University, PolandDr. Blessing Obi-Uzu
Department of Agriculture and Applied Economics,
Faculty of Agriculture, River State UniversityDr. David Utsu Osakpa
Department of Social Science Education
Imo State University, OwerriDr. Jebbin Maclean Felix
Department of Economics
Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt
Akintade, Elizabeth Abidemi
Department of Ecotourism and Wildlife Management, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure Ondo State Nigeria.
1Mustapha Yusuf Dauda, 2M. H. Badau, 3Abdullahi M. Bello, 4Sani Abubakar Jumare, 5Clement Tene Dogo, & 6Ibe Uchechukwu Oluchukwu
1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics;
4,5&6Department of Food Technology,Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria.
2Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
3Department of Food Science and Technology, Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil, Kano, Nigeria.
Akintade Caleb Kehinde
Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Elizade University, Ilara Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria
1Success Esomchi Obi, 2Yusuf Thomas Adejo, 3Zakari Sunday & 2Joseph Samson Ojo
1&3Department of Public Administration, School of Management Studies;
4Department of Social Science and Humanities, Kogi State Polytechnic, Lokoja PMB 1101
2Department of Public Administration, School of Management Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State, PMB 1008
Katherine Canazzi
Department of Education Foundations and Policy Studies, West Chester University West Chester, Pennsylvania
1Simon Oluwatoyin Obadahun & 2Elizabeth Gambo Tsuzom
1Department of Public Administration, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria.
2Sultanate Center of Economic Research and Innovation, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria.
1Oko-Oboh Jude & 2Lawan Alhaji Bukar
1Accounting Department, Umar Ibn Ibrahim El-Kanemi
2Department of Business Management, Umar ibn Ibrahim El-kanemi College of Education Science and Technology, Bama Borno State
1Obioru Jolomi Irene, 2Adejoh Joseph Ataja, 3Isah Mohammed Ogaji & 4Yusuf Akor Sumaila
1,2&3Department of Business Administration, School of Management Studies, Kogi State Polytechnic, Lokoja. P.M.B 1101
4Registry Department, Federal Polytechnic, Idah
1Bilkisu Ahmed Abdu & 2Fatahu Aliyu Matazu
1&2Department of Quantity Surveying, College of Environmental Studies, Kaduna Polytechnic. Kaduna Nigeria
1Akarara, Ebierinyo Ayebaemi & 2Tantua, Ben
1&2Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
1Clement Adewole & 2Nelson Mamvong
1&2Department of Banking and Finance, University of Jos

