The AEFUNAI Journal of Economics, Finance and Development Studies (AEFUNAIJEFDS) is
committed to advancing scholarly research by providing a reputable platform for academics, researchers, and practitioners to publish original, peer-reviewed work in economics, finance, and development. Through rigorous editorial standards and a double-blind review process, the journal ensures its publications' integrity, relevance, and quality. It seeks to promote interdisciplinary dialogue and foster intellectual exchange that bridges theory and practice, while encouraging contributions from emerging scholars and postgraduate researchers. By adhering to ethical research practices and the APA 6th edition documentation style, the journal maintains a high standard of academic excellence.
Dr. Anuli Regina Ogbuagu (Reader)
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Dr. Lasbrey Anochiwa (Reader)
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Prof. Christopher Kalu
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Prof. Christy Igberi
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Dr. Basil Chukwu
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Dr. Ojide Makoachukwu
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Dr. Nelson Nkwor
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Prof. F. O. Ozo
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Prof. P. C. Omoke
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Prof. K. E. Uma
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Prof. K. O. Onwuka
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Prof. U. I. Uwazie
Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Abia State
Prof. U. C. Nwogwugwu
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Prof. D. B. Ewubare
Rivers State University, Port Harcourt
Dr. T. F. Agbanike
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Dr. M. O. Enyoghasim
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Dr. R. O. Ojike
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Dr. I. O. Ogbonnaya
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Dr. M. Ikpe
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Dr. K. Ahamba
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Dr. G. E. Nzeribe
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Dr. C. Nwani
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Dr. C. Emenkwe
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Mr. Precious Ohalete
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Mr. Mathew Enyinnaya
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Mr. OĨa Nkama
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State
Dr. Bassey Anam
University of Calabar, Calabar
Prof. Ebele Ifionu
University of Port Harcourt
Prof. Maryam Abdu
Kaduna State University
Prof. G. Ihuoma
Center for Gender and ConĚict Studies UNIPORT
Prof. Judipat Obiora
University of Port Harcourt
1Ohalete Cynthia Chekwube & 2Ohalete Precious Ifeanyi
1&2Department of Economics and Development Studies, Alex Ekwueme Federal University of Ndufu Alike Ebonyi State, Nigeria
1Ihugba, Okezie A., 2Akobundu, Precious, C., & 3Ndukwe-Ani, Pamela A.
1,2&3Department of Economics, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri
1Onyinye Ifeoma Ochuba & 2Ebikabowei Biedomo Aduku
1&2Department of Economics, University of Africa, Toru orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
1Eze Ikechukwu Okereke, 2Kalu Uma, 3Ogbuagu Anuli Regina, & 4IkworOgbonnaya
1,2,3&4Department of Economics and Development Studies, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
1Johnson Nchege E., 2Michael Oguwuike Enyoghasim & 3Ogbonna Nkemdirim Jennifer
1Department of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
2&3Department of Economics and Development Studies, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State
1Abdullahi Yusuf, 2Mansur Abdullahi, & 3M.M. Abdullahi
1,2&3Department of Economics Zamfara State University Talata Mafara Federal University Gusau, Nigeria, Federal University Gusau, Nigeria
1Agbo Cyril Uchenna, 2Kalu Uma, 3Ogbuagu Anuli Regina & 4Eze Ikechukwu Okereke
1,2,3&4Department of Economics and Development Studies, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
1Chibunna Onyebuchi Onwubiko & 2Roseline Chinasa Agbaraevoh
1&2Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
1Edeh, Chukwudi Emmanuel, 2Edeh, Charity Nonyelum, & 3Ibrahim, Joel Michael
1,2&3Department of Economics, Enugu State University of Science and Technology Agbani
1Aigbedion I. Marvelous, 2Joshua-Gyang, Emily, & 3Ataboh, Adah Noah
1,2&3Department of Economics, Bingham University Karu
1Nyerhovwo Kingsley Erakpotobor & 2Peter Akpoyomare Ekurume
1Department of Economics, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State
2Programmes Department, Delta Broadcasting Service, Edjeba, Delta State
1Agbaraevoh, Roseline Chinasa, 2Achara Larry Ogochukwu & 13Ndukwe- Tochi Chosen
1Department of Accounting, Abia State University, Uturu
2Department of Management, Abia State University, Uturu
3Department of Marketing, Abia State University, Uturu
1Blessing Nancy Udenta, 2Irene Ukamaka Nwiboko & 3Atuma Emeka
1&2Department of Economics and Development Studies, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
3Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki
1Irene Ukamaka Nwiboko & 2Blessing Nancy Udenta
1&2Department of Economics and Development Studies, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
1Wilfred Ositaufere, 2Ekpendu Ezechimere Justice & 3Nwoba Amos Jeremiah
1&3Department of Economics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
2Clifford University, Owerinta, Abia State
1Linus Adama, 2Nicholas Achelike, 3Akwaeze Emeka Alex, 4Chinedu Michael O., 5Gladys Onah O., 6Ozor Kelechukwu C. & 7Effiong Francis
1,2,3,4,5,6&7Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi state Nigeria
1Amos, Edidiong Okon, 2Chukwu, Chinyere Grace, & 3Asukwo Victoria Nse
1&2Department of Economics and Development Studies, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
3Department of Agricultural Economics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
1Imide, Israel O. & 2Chukwuka, Ernest Jebolise
1Department of Economics,
2Department of Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State
1Nyeche, Ezebunwo, 2Wokekoro, Ozulem Elvis & 3Ogbodo, Chukwuma Ogbonna
1&2Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
3Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
1Onwuka Cletus Offor, 2Chibueze Aniebo, & 3Udenta Blessing
1,2&3Department of Economics and Development Studies, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
1Edeh, Chukwudi Emmanuel, 2Agbafor, Michael Ogbonna & 3Okere, Anselm Ejinwa
1Department of Economics, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu
2Department of Economics, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki.
3Department of Economics, FCT College of Education School of Arts and Social Sciences, Zuba Abuja
Contemporary issues in the practice of public administration and management are central to issues published in the International Journal of Strategic Research in Public Administration and Organizational Process. The Journal accepts Theoretical, Empirical and Position/Opinion papers. Issues must be contemporary and evidence-based. IJSRPAOP is widely indexed and operates the open access principals of research publication.
Professor Chukwuemeka Jude Diji
Research, Innovations, Consultancy & Extension
Kampala International University, Uganda
International Scientific Research Consortium
Professor Chukwuemeka Jude Diji
Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research, Innovations, Consultancy and Extension)
Kampala International University, UgandaDr. Babajide Veronica Folasade T.
Faculty of Education
University of Lagos, Akoka-NGProfessor Fatile Jacob
Department of Public Administration
Lagos State University, NigeriaProfessor Kevin Chas
Department of Sociology and Social Policy
Lingnan University, Hon KongProfessor Arugu O. Love
Department of Political Science and Strategic Studies
Federal University, Otuoke, NGDr. Rose N. Nwankwo
Department of Public Administration
Federal Polytechnic, Oko Anambra State
Nein, Godknows
Department of Industrial Relations and Personnel Management, Faculty of Social and Management Sciences University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Sagbama, Bayelsa State
1Agum Charles & 2Wilson Anjola Daniel
1&2Department of Economics,Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Matthew Frankel
West Chester University, Pennsylvania
1Adeyemi Paul Adeniyi, 2Akinbiola Folorunso Victor & 3Jolaiya Damilola Olakunle
1,2&3Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Mustapha Yusuf Kabara
Department of Economics and Development Studies, Federal University of Kashere, Gombe
1Peter Chika Uzomba, 2Kingsley Raphael Ajuzie, 3Nnaemeka Ole Ukweni & 4Titus Chinweuba Eze
1,2,3&4Department of Economics, Federal University Lokoja, Nigeria
1Researcher on Diplomatic Mission, Department of Economics and Development Studies,Islamic University in Uganda
1Oaya, C. S. & 2Yahaya, L.
1&2Department of Crop Science, Adamawa State University, P. M. B. 25, Mubi, Adamawa State-Nigeria
1Zibokifi Racheal Ghandi Olumani, 2Bribebe Akpobere Smile & 3Michael-Olomu Oyintonyo
1,2&3Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences,Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Zulaihatu A. Zubair
Department of Economics, National Open University, Abuja
1Usman Haruna, 2Anointing Martin & 3Nse Etim Akpan
1,2&3Department of Political Science Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
Amy E. Hann
West Chester University of Pennsylvania
1Musa Odiba Sarah, 2Aiyedogbon O. John, & 3Ogwuche D. David
1,2&3Department of Economics, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State
1Aderinto, John Adegoke & 2Daniel Leku Ishaya
1Department of Sociology,Faculty of Social Sciences, Federal University, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria.
2Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
1Kenneth Ukeagu, 2Abimiku John, 3Bawa Basil & 4Namo, Charity Bako
1,2,3&4Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Administration Nasarawa State University, Keffi. Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
1Yiga Sadi Helen, 2Daniel Leku Ishaya & 3Abdullahi Memunatu
1,2&3Department of Sociology Faculty of Social Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi
Eyo, Emmanuel Paul
Department of Sociology,University of Calabar, Calabar
1Tswenji Andokari, 2Odzie Timothy, 3Amaechi Product T. & 4Emmanuel Eche
1,2,3&4Department of Economics, Federal University Wukari
The International Journal of Strategic Research in Education, Technology and Humanities (IJSRETH) aims to publish research findings in the broad fields of Education, Technology, Management, Arts and Humanities. The journal's core aim is to facilitate the researcher's scholarship to share their findings with the rest of the world so that informed decisions can be taken to improve the educational system, enhance technological development and adaptation and evolve novel ideas in arts, law and humanities. IJSRETH follows rigorous double peer review mechanism to ensure that submitted articles meet the quality standards.
International Scientific Research Consortium
Dr. Abdulazeez D. El-Ladan
The Future Institute
10 Coventry Innovation Village
Coventry University
Technology Park, CV1 2TL, United Kingdom
Prof. (Sr.) Mary-Noelle Ethel N. Ezeh
Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University
Anambra State – NigeriaProfessor Babajide Veronica Folasade T.
Faculty of Education
University of Lagos, Akoka-NGProfessor Phil Marpleet
School of Humanities and Social Sciences
University of East London, UKClement Ayarebilla Ali
University of Education, Winneba, GhanaDr. Ekei John
Faculty of Education
University of Calabar, NigeriaDr. (Suv.) Okoronkwo Chiekezie
Department of Estate Management
Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Imo stateEngr. (Dr) Diji Chukwuemeka
Research, Innovations, Consultancy & Extension
Kampala International University, UgandaDr. Manoj Shukla
Dept. of Electronics Engineering
Harcourt Butler Technological Institute
1Ibrahim Jacob Ajidani, 2Osekweyi J. Odonye, & 3Ajidani S. Moses
1,2&3Nasarawa State University Keffi
1Babayola, M., 2Kwambowa, P. G. & 3Makama, Y. A
1Department of Crop Science, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria
2No: 22 Tanzanian Crescent, Bekaji Estate, Jimeta-Yola, Adamawa State Nigeria
3Post Primary School Management Board, Yola, Adamawa State Nigeria.
1Chikezie Okoronkwo, 2Ezirim Onyekwere Nkem& 3Keke Onyinye Vivian
1Federal Polytechnic Nekede
2Nigerian Institute of Town Planners
3Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka
31Dyaji, Joy Esther, 2Marvelous, Aladi Eunice, 3Aigbedion, Isibor Marvelous
1Department Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State
2Department Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education, National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN),
3Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences,Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State.
Jaswinder Kaur Centria
University of Applied Sciences, Finland
1Anya Chukwuma & 2Mekwa Eme
1&2Department of Architectural Technology, Ogbonnaya Onu Polytechnic, Aba Nigeria
1Veronica F. T. Babajide, 2Ganiyat P. Raheem Folayinka, 3Isiaka A. Raheem & 4Sunday A. Adeyemo
1,2&4Department of Science Education, University of Lagos,Lagos, Nigeria
3Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Texas Tech University, Texas
1Onwunali, M. R. O., 2Yusuf, T. & 3Dikko, G.
1&2Department of Agricultural Education, Faculty of Vocational and Technical Education, Federal University of Education, Zaria, Nigeria.
3Government Secondary School, Kabama Costain, Junior, Kaduna State
1Sylvia Simon Etim & 2Chile Augustine Oparaocha
1Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences,University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
2Department of Fine Arts and Design, Faculty of Humanities, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
1Bruce J. Avolio, 2Fred O. Walumbwa, & 3Todd J. Weber
1&3Department of Management, University of Nebraska–Lincoln
2Department of Management, The Arizona State University, Glendale
1Makanjuola, Olawale Folaranmi & 2Nwankwere, Idowu Aderonke
1&2Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Ohadiugha Marian N.
Department of Arts and Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, National Open University of Nigeria
1Nwaokomah Alice Nwamara, 2Igbo C. A. & 3Gera Patience Nguvan
1Federal Polytechnic, Oko Anambra State,
2University of Nigeria, Nsukka Enugu State
3Benue State University, Makurdi
Obiora Anamaleze
Department of Fine Arts and Design, Wigwe University, Isiokpo, Rivers State
Njoku Kenneth Iheukwumere
Department of Fine Arts and Design, Wigwe University Isiokpo, Rivers State
The International Journal of Development Strategies in Humanities, Management and Social Sciences (IJDSHMSS) publishes evidence based research findings that addressed specific by specific development issues in humanities, management and social sciences disciplines. Research methodologies are qualitative and quantitative.
Dr. Abdulazeez D. El-Ladan
The Future Institute
10 Coventry Innovation Village
Coventry University
Technology Park, CV1 2TL, United KingdomEmail: admin@internationalpolicybrief.org; irjp.journals@gmail.com
Abdulazeez D. El-Ladan
Coventry University, UK
Professor Nathaniel C. Ozigbo
Department of Business Administration
University of Abuja, Nigeria
Professor Phil Marpleet
School of Humanities and Social Sciences
University of East London, UK
Professor Thomas Traynor
Department of Economics
Ulright State University, USA
Dr. Francis Banuro
University of Ghana Business School, Accra
Dr. Jifeng Wang
University of Illinois, USA
1Chikezie Okoronkwo, 2Ezirim Onyekwere Nkem & 3Keke Onyinye Vivian
1Federal Polytechnic Nekede,
2Nigerian Institute of Town Planners,
3Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
1Samuel, Iriekheor Felix& 2Ogege Emulakia Janet
1&2Accountancy Department, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi
1Akomolafe Johnson Adewale & 2Oojo GbengaIge
1&2Department of Taxation, Faculty of Financial Management Studies, Ogun State Institute of Technology, Igbesa Ogun Formally Gateway Polytechnic
Ricarda Motschilnig
University of Klagenfurt
1Grace Hezekiah Isa & 2Richard Ngusha Kyarem
1Department of Economics, Bingham University, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
2Department of Economics,Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
Babayola, M.
Department of Crop Science, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria
1Anthony Rufus & 2Esure Oyintonbra Larry
1&2Department of Political Science, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State
1Nwaguru, Wisdom Ezemndi, 2Okafor, Chukwunyeaka Linus & 3Anukam, Chidozirim Stephen
1&3University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria
2Ministry of Finance, Owerri, Imo State
Zulaihatu A. Zubair
Department of Economics, National Open University, Abuja
1Tajudeen Adebowale Oduwole, 2Lawal Kamaldeen A. A, & 3Zainab Suleiman Duhu
1&3Department of Development Studies,National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
2Department of Entrepreneurial Studies, National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
Helsinki, B.
Germany
1Aderinto, John Adegoke & 2Daniel Leku Ishaya
1Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences,Federal University, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
2Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences,Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
1A. Isa, 2M. Isah, 3Ayuba, A. Gwaigwai & 4Hajara A. Isa
1,2,3&4Department of Intelligent and Security Studies, Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA) Kaduna
1Enemo Goodness Chiamaka, 2Ologunla E.Sunday, 3Aigbedion I.Marvelous
1,2&3Department of Economics,Faculty of Social Sciences,Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
1Enyeribe Vivian Anuli, 2M. C. Okafor, 3Uchegbu, Basil Chibueze & 4Kalu, Edith Okpo
1,3&4Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri, Imo State
2Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike
1Oladimeji, Aderonke, 2Onu, Christopher A., & 3Adebayo Titilope D.
1,2&3Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
1Kenneth Ukeagu, 2Bawa Basil & 3Abimiku John
1,2&3Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Administration, Nasarawa State University, Keffi. Nasarawa State, Nigeria
1Abdulsalam S. Ademola, 2Martins Iyoboyi, 3Viashima Luper Veronica & 4Anifat Abdurraheem
1&2Department of Economics and Development Studies,
3&4Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Federal University Dtsin-ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
1Hyaluwa Samuel, 2Amuh Attah & 3Emmanuel Eche
1,2&3Department of Economics,Federal University Wukari
Nwaokomah Alice Nwamara
Federal Polytechnic, Oko Anambra State, Anambra State
Obiora Anamaleze
Department of Fine Arts and Design,Wigwe University, Isiokpo, Rivers State
Njoku Kenneth Iheukwumere
Department of Fine Arts and Design, Wigwe University Isiokpo, Rivers State
The objective of International Journal of Innovative Research in Education, Technology and Social Strategies (IJIRETSS) is to facilitate intellectual discussions, research analysis, and pragmatic studies and critiques leading to the formulation of policies and suggestions for the improvement of the educational sector, technology and social development strategies across the world. IJIRETSS seeks to develop new theoretical and practical insights in education and technology. In addition to original research articles, the journal publishes case studies and book reviews. All manuscripts are subject to peer review for quality
Dr. Abdulazeez D. El-Ladan
The Future Institute
10 Coventry Innovation Village
Coventry University
Technology Park, CV1 2TL, United KingdomEmail: admin@internationalpolicybrief.org; irjp.journals@gmail.com
Professor Hague, Hanson
Directorate of Policy & Research
International Scientific Research Consortium, United KingdomProfessor Phil Marplet
School of Humanities and Social Sciences
University of East London, UKProfessor Adebayo Elizabeth
Department of Agric Economics,
MAUTECH, YolaDr. Babajide Veronica Folasade T.
Department of Science & Technology Education
Faculty of Education, University of Lagos, Akoka-NigeriaDr. Clement Ayarebilla Ali
University of Education
Winneba, GhanaDr. Ekei John
Department of Educational Administration & Planning
University of Calabar, NigeriaDr. M. A. Dorgham
International Centre for Technology and Management
United KingdomDr. Musa Yakubu Yeldu
College of Science and Technology
Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi Kebbi State- NG
1Azowenunebi, L.O., 2Adeyemo S.A. & 3Babajide, V.F.T
1,2&3Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of Lagos
1Nasiru Abubakar Katami & 2Amina Aliyu Diri
1&2Department of Educational Foundations Sokoto State University, Sokoto
1Hope, Gbenga-Arotiba, 2Mayowa David Adinlewa & 3Itiola Olayemi-Olalekan
1Department of Industrial Technology and Vocational Education.
2Department of Educational Management Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
3Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, University of Lagos, Nigeria
1Tombari James, 2Agbo C. Okechukwu & 3Osakwe, Sunday Adonis
1,2&3Department of Electrical/Electronic Technology Education,School of Secondary Education (Technical), Federal College of Education (Technical) Omoku, PMB 11, Omoku, Rivers State, Nigeria
1Opaleye Tolulope Barikis, 2Aigbedion I. Marvelous, & 3Ezie Obumneke
1,2&3Department of Economics, Bingham University Karu
1Joni Turunen & 2Aleksanteri Fagerholm
1&2Lappeenranta- Lahti University of Technology, LUT - Finland
1Akintaro, Abel Abiodun, 2Mercy Oluwatosin, Adeyokun, 3Bank-Ola Rebecca Folake, & 4Agelebe, Ibiwunmi Bosede
1Department of Business Administration, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
2Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 231, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
3Department of Finance, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
4Redeemer's University Directorate of Educational Services and Training P.M.B 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
1Adedipe A., 2Labode, O. J., 3Kukoyi I. A., 4King O. P., 5Adebayo I. N. & 6Aina S. O. F.
1,3&4Department of Hospitality and Tourism, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
2Department of Home Science and Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
5&6Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria.
1Macmillan Mafulul Josiah, 2Bishara Simon & 3Chidera Ugwuanyi
1Department of Science and Technology Education, Faculty of Education, University of Jos, Jos-Nigeria
2Government Secondary School, Ungwan Mailafiya Jema'a Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria
3CityStore, Power House Junction, Akwanga Nasarawa State, Nigeria
F. O. C. Osunkwo
Abia State University Uturu, Nigeria
1Tombari James & 2Obioma Wisdom Nwaokokorom
1Department of Electrical and Electronic Technology Education,
2Department of Accounting Education, Federal College of Education (Technical) Omoku
1Abanbeshie, Jeremiah A., 2Virginia Emmanuel Ironbar & 3Akwa Ezekiel Ime
1,2&3Department of Continuing Education and Development Studies Faculty of Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education University of Calabar, Calabar-Nigeria
Daniel Leku Ishaya
Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences,Nasarawa State University, Keffi
1Ogwah Josephine Aboshio, 2Aigbedion I. Marvelous, & 3Ezie Obumneke
1,2&3Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State.
Ms. Manya Jain
Delhi School of Professional Studies and Research
Affiliated to GGSIP University,
New Delhi, India
1Uchegbu-Basil, Chidinma I., 2Amadi, Grace I., & 3Uchegbu, Basil C.
1&2Department of Education Foundation and Management,
3Accountancy Department, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri
Udoh, Ekaette Raphael
Sociology and Anthropology Department Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
1Opani M. Aweh, 2Toba Paul Ayeni, 3David Nzadon, & 4Abiola Kehinde
1,2,3&4Department of Computing, College of Sciences, Afe-Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
The International Journal of Scientific Research in Social Sciences and Management Studies (IJSRSSMS) aims at promoting quality research in related discipline of Social and Management Sciences. It publishes both applied and theoretical issues. The scope of the Journal covers research articles, original research reports, reviews and scientific commentaries in all areas of Social and Management Sciences. Interdisciplinary approach to research unity is also encouraged in IJSRSSMS which fortes research ideas from Multiple Scientific backgrounds. All articles published in IJSRSSMS are peer reviewed and published in Open Access basis.
Rohit Kumar Verma
Study Centre - Institute of Law (SOS),
Jiwaji University Gwalior, (M.P)-INDIAEmail: admin@internationalpolicybrief.org; irjp.journals@gmail.com
Professor Nathaniel Ozigbo
Department of Business Administration
University of Abuja, NigeriaProfessor Lars Kolvereid
Bodo Graduate School of Business, Norway
Prof. Kevin Chas
Lingman University, Hong KongProfessor Damian Mbaegbu
Department of Business Administration
Madonna University, Okija - NigeriaProfessor Magaret Kabuoh
Department of Business Administration and Marketing
Babcock University, NigeriaDr. Mustafa Isedu
Department of Banking and Finance
Faculty of Management Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma - Nigeria
1Aigeddion I. Marvelous, 2Ataboh, Adah Noah, & 3Manji Danlami Puttu
1&3Department of Economics,
2Centre for Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Leadership Studies, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State
1Abel Abiodun, Akintaro, 2Agelebe, Ibiwunmi Bosede, 3Ogbaro, Eyitayo Oyewunmi & 4Mercy Oluwatosin, Adeyokun
1Department of Business Administration Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
2Redeemer's University Directorate of Educational Services and Training P.M.B 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
3Department of Economics, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
4Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 231, Ede, Osun State, Nig
1Nwaguru, Wisdom Ezemndi & 2Okafor, Chukwunyeaka Linus
1Taxation Department,University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria
2Ministry of Finance, Owerri, Imo State
1Md Abdul Kuddus, 2Elizabeth Tynan & 3Emma McBryde
1Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
2College of Medicine and Dentistry,James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
3Graduate Research School,James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
1Adekunle Oluwole Binuyo, 2Obaloluwa Obed Oyewo, & 3Amos Omonkhomiomhen Ibhiedu
1,2&3Department of Business Administration and Marketing, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo Nigeria
1Nasiru, S. Olayemi, 2Alalade, Yimka S. A., & 3Ogboi, Charles
1,2&3Department of Finance, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
1Akintaro, Abel Abiodun, 2Ajayi, Christiana Olalounpe, 3Agelebe, Ibiwunmi Bosede & 4Adeyanju, Oluwatomisin Blessing
1&4Department of Business Administration, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State
2Department of Business Administration University of Ilesa, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria
3Redeemer's University Directorate of Educational Services and Training P.M.B 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
1Yiga Sadi Helen & 2Daniel Leku Ishaya
1&2Department of Sociology Nasarawa State University, Keffi
1Abduraheem, Bashir Olatunde, 2Tesunbi Samuel, & 3Adegbola Eunice
1,2&3Department of Business Administration,Faculty of Management Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria
1Aigbe Ibanga Grace, 2Araga Shehu Abdullahi, & 3Udu Ama Aka
1,2&3Department of Business Administration, National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja
Bronwyn H. Hall
Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley,Institute of Fiscal Studies, London, and NBER
1Lawrence Kulia Elijah, 2Aigbedion I. Marvelous, & 3Ezie Obumneke
1,2&3Department of Economics,Faculty of Social Sciences, Bingham University Karu
Sunny Mene Piate
Department of Political Science Akwa Ibom State University
1Grace U. Amadi, 2Uchegbu-Basil Chidinma I. & 3Chukwuma Florence O.
1,2&3Department of Educational Foundation and Management Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education Owerri.
Udoh, Ekaette Raphael
Department of Sociology and Anthropology Akwa Ibom State University
International Journal of Advanced Research in Public Policy, Administration and Development Strategies (IJARPPADS) is a peer- reviewed research-driven journal that provides intellectual platform for the dissemination of critical, empirical and regular papers in public administration, management and social sciences. From global to national levels, it publishes topical issues and commentaries on recent developments in public sector law, public sector policy development, comparative analysis, legal theories and emerging development strategies.
Dr. Abdulazeez D. El-Ladan
The Future Institute
10 Coventry Innovation Village
Coventry University
Technology Park, CV1 2TL, United KingdomEmail: admin@internationalpolicybrief.org; irjp.journals@gmail.com
Professor Phil Marpleet
School of Humanities and Social Sciences
University of East London, UKProfessor Yusuf Ali Zoaka
Department of Political Science,
University of Abuja, NigeriaDr. Bassey Anam
Institute of Public Policy & Administration
University of Calabar, Cross River State, NGDr. Arugu, O. Love
Department of Political Science and Strategic Studies
Federal University Otuoke, NGDr. Ruwhuoma Doris Chukwu
Department of Political & Administrative Studies,
Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, NG
Enang, Agnes Ubana
Department of Public Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar
Memud, Olanrewaju Rafiu
Department of Political Science and International Relations Southwestern University Nigeria, Okun-Owa, Ogun State
Malachy Ashywel Ugbaka
Department of Economics, University of Calabar, CRS, Nigeria
Lindsay Falvey
University of Melbourne, Australia
1Alfred Cyprain Bognet, 2Elisha Dangiwa Yari, 3Tanko Dan Paul,4Nuhu Godwin, & 5Favour Kajyung Maisamari
1Kaduna State Planning and Budget Commission
2&5Department of Economics, Kaduna State University, Kaduna
3Federal Cooperative College
4Department of Cooperative Economics and Management, Federal Cooperative College, Kaduna
1Akintaro, Abel Abiodun, 2Mercy Oluwatosin, Adeyokun & 3Agelebe, Ibiwunmi Bosede
1Department of Business Administration, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State
2Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 231, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
3Redeemer's University Directorate of Educational Services and Training P.M.B 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
1Aigbokhai Emmanuel, 2Charles Obiora, & 3Kalu, Peters
1UNIZIK Business School, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State
2Department of Political Science, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam,
3UNIZIK Business School & Department of Political Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka,
1Yiga Sadi Helen, 2Lami Stephen Bess & 3Daniel Leku Ishaya
1&3Department of Sociology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi
2Department of Social Development, Plateau State Polytechnic, Barkin Ladi
1Abanbeshie, Jeremiah A., 2Virginia Emmanuel Ironbar & 3Akwa Ezekiel Ime
1,2&3Department of Continuing Education and Development Studies Faculty of Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education University of Calabar, Calabar-Nigeria
Omono, Cletus Ekok
Department of Sociology,University of Calabar
1Abdulsalam S. Ademola, 2Martins Iyoboyi, 3Viashima Luper Veronica & 4Anifat Abdurraheem
1&2Department of Economics and Development Studies, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria.
3&4Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Federal University Dtsin-ma,Katsina State, Nigeria
Ighodalo Joseph Ejemheare
Department of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic Ekowe, Bayelsa State
Purusottam Nayak
North-Eastern Hill University, Meghalaya, India
1Sylvester Effefiom Nsa, 2John, Utibe Monday & 3Brown, Sunday Ndim
1,2&3Department of Public Administration, University of Calabar
1Ebo Darlington Chukwudalu, 2Aigbedion, I. Marvelous, & 3Obumuneke Ezie
1,2&3Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bingham University Karunasarawa State
John D. Adigizey
Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
1Williams Uloma Juliana, 2Tesunbi Samuel, & 3Puttu Manji Danlami
1&2Department of Business Administration, National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja.
3Department of Entrepreneurship, National Open University of Nigeria
Stella E. Ogroh
Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
1Evelyn Bassey Ewah, & 2Onyimba Roseline C.
1Department of Accounting and Finance, Godfrey Okoye University Ugwuomu Enugu.
2Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus
Journal of Occupation and Training (JOT) is an international scholarly academic journal that is published Bi-annually. It is a multidisciplinary journal that publishes articles on theoretical, experimental, and empirical studies that are qualitative and quantitative. The information disseminated is a product of the research experiences of seasoned scholars in the relevant field of study. Manuscripts for publication in the journal are peer-reviewed. Our team of Consulting Editors is drawn from various institutions of higher learning across the nation. Contributors of articles published in the journal, bear responsibility for the information provided. JOT is published by the Faculty of Vocational and Technology Education, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri, to promote the creation of new knowledge.
Dr. Livinus C. Okereke
Dr. Alphonsus U.C. Ukozor
Dr. Shaibu, Gabriel Ogwuche
Dr. Egornu, C.A.
Dr. Ifeoma Nwachukwu G.
Dr. Lucy Dikeocha
Dr. Ndidi Ugochukwu
Dr. Stella N. Okoroafor
Dr. Nwarieji F.E.
Dr. Anyanwu, H.C.
Dr. Ajaero Obioma O.
Law-Obi-F.
Dr. Livinus C. Okereke
GSM: (+234) 803 688 0745; (+234) 803 776 0255
Email: okerekelivinus17@gmail.com
fvteconference2024@gmail.com
Nwaigburu Kingsley Obinna
Department of Accountancy,Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education
1Wogu, S. N., 2Nwankwo, C. O., 3Nwaelewe, O. G. & 4Nwaorgu, O.
1&2Automobile/Metalwork Department, School of Technical Education,
3Fine and Applied Art Department, School of Vocational Education,
4Accounting Education Department, School of Business Education, Abia State College of Education (Technical), Arochukwu, Abia State
1Ukozor, Alphonsus U. C., 2Okwulehie, Felicia C. & 3Ukwujiagu, Chiamaka U.
1,2&3Department of Home Economics and Hospitality Management Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri
1Shaibu, Ogwuche Gabriel, 2Sagbara, Barileera Victory & 3Arikpo John Okoi
1Department of Business Education,Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri, Imo State.
2Department of Accounting Education,
3Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Rivers State. Security Unit, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri, Imo State
1Ozor, P. E., 2Okeke. E.N., & 3Okafor, O. E.
1,2&3Department of Home Economics and Hospitality Management Education, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education Owerri, Imo State
1Osuaku, S. K., 2Eches, E. E. 3Nwakanma, C. C. & 4Okoro, G. O.
1,23&4Department of Agricultural Science Education, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri, Imo State
1Onyepkere, Ulumma Rita, 2Ihechu, Blessing Chinwendu, & 3Eneremadu, Kingsley Enyinna
1Alvan Ikoku University of Education, Owerri
2Department of Accountancy, Alvan Ikoku University of Education, Owerri
3Department of Business Education, Alvan Ikoku University of Education, Owerri
1Okoroafor, Stella N., 2Okoro, Theresa C., 3Ajaero Obioma O., 4Nwachukwu, Ifeoma G.
1,2,3&4Department of Accountancy,Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri.
1Okereke, Livinus C., 2Collins O. Nmehielle., 3Godknows Chindah, 4Ohanyere Placid Eze & 5Ukwuoma, Joy C.
1Department of Accountancy, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri
2Department of Accounting,Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
4B.Sc. PGDM, MBA, Chartered Administrator (ACIA), Lagos, Nigeria
5Department of Business Education, AIFUE, Owerri, Imo State
1Okongwu, G. C., 2Okonkwo, U. N., & 3Mbachu, M.U.
1,2&3Department of Agricultural Science,Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education P.M.B. 1033, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
1Okonkwo, U. N., 2Okongwu, G. C. & 3Nwarieji, F. E.
1,2&3Department of Agricultural Science Education,Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
1Okoro, Theresa C., 2Ajaero, Obioma O., & 3Okoroafor, S. N.
1,2,&3Department of Accountancy,Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education Owerri
1Okereke, Livinus C., 2Nmehielle, Collins O., 3Ihenacho, Uchechukwu O., & 4Akpelu, Azunna E.
1Department of Accountancy, Alvan Federal University of Education, Owerri – Imo State,
2Department of Accounting, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port-Harcount – Rivers State
3Department of Business Education, Alvan Federal University of Education, Owerri – Imo State,
4Department of Accountancy, Imo State Polytechnic, Owerri - Imo State
1Ogwo Pauline Uche, 2Ofoegbu Rosemary, & 3Nwosu Michael Chinedu
1,2&3Department of Accountancy,Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education Owerri
1Obi, B. C., 2Ubani, N. C. & 3Agomuo, C. I.
1Centre for Entrepreneurship Education, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri.
2Department of Entrepreneurship Education, Alvan lkoku Federal University of Education, Owerri.
3Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri.
1Nwoye, Edith O., 2Orusha, J.O., 3Nze, C. E. N. & 4Ihugba, U. E.
1,2,3&4Department of Agricultural Science Education, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
1Mbachu, M. U., 2Ezebuike, I. R., 3Onyewuchi, U. U, & 4Onuoha, I. J.
1,2,3&4 Department of Agricultural Education Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education Owerri
1Iwu, Blessing Kelechi, 2Chinyere Christy Nwagu, & 3Ajeka Musa Jonah
1,2,&3Department of Business Education, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri
1Chima, Ambrose Ndubuisi, 2Uchegbu, Basil C., 3Anyanwu, Hyginus Chukwuemeka & 4Uzoma, Samuel K.
1,2,3&4Department of Accountancy,Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri, Imo State
1Ihem-Chijioke Uchechi O., 2Agoha Blessing Chimere, 3Iwuji Florence4 5Ijeoma, 4Umeh Jane Ogochukwu & 5Ohanaka Bethrand Uchenna
1Department of Early Childhood Care and Education,Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri, Imo State
2Department of Early Childhood and Primary Education Ignatius Ajuru University of Education Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
3&4Department Curriculum and Instruction, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri
5Department of ICT, School of General Studies, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri
1Dikeocha, Lucy U., 2Efughi, Samuel A., & 3Chima, Chizoba F.
1,2&3Department of Business Education,Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri, Imo State
1Alaribe, Mary Otitochukwu, 2Okafor, Oluchi E. & 3Olaitan, Samson Ojo
1Department of Primary Education Studies, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education Owerri
2Department of Agricultural Science, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education Owerri
3Department of Agricultural Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
1Ihenacho, Uchechukwu Oscar, 2Okike Celestine O., 3Akpelu Azunna E., 4Ukwuoma Joy C., & 5Anuna Felicia Ngozi
1Department of Business Education, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri
2Department of Accountancy, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri
3Department of Accountancy, Imo State Polytechnic, Mbano Campus, Ehime Mbano LGA, Imo State
4Department of Business Education, Aifue, Owerri, Imo State
5Department of Business Education, (Management Option) Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Rivers State
1Dikeocha, Lucy U. & 2Omorojie Stella
1Business Education Department,Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education Owerri, Imo State
2University of Delta Agbor, Delta State
Victoria Uloma Ojiako
Department of Animal and Environmental Biology,Imo State University, Owerri
Law-Obi, Fidelia Nwanneka
Department of Technology Education,Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education
1Mbah, Cynthia A., 2Ngwu, Elizabeth K., 3Lemchi, Stella N., 4Okwulehie, Felicia C. & 5Obi-Anyanwu Jovita N.
1,3,4,5Department of Home Economics and Hospitality Management, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
2University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
1Nwagu Christy Chinyere, 2Iwu Blessing Kelechi & 3Chima Chizoba Florence
1,2&3Department of Business Education,Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri-Imo State
1Egbujor Kelechi Jude, 2Nwachukwu Chinedum C., 3Enyinna Gregory C., 4Amade Benedict & 5Ofoegbu Rosemary Onyinyechi
1Registry Department, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri
2,3&4Project Management Technology Department, Federal University of Technology, Owerri
5Accountancy Department, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri
The International Journal of Strategic Research in Education, Technology and Humanities (IJSRETH) aims to publish research findings in the broad fields of Education, Technology, Management, Arts and Humanities. The journal's core aim is to facilitate the researcher's scholarship to share their findings with the rest of the world so that informed decisions can be taken to improve the educational system, enhance technological development and adaptation and evolve novel ideas in arts, law and humanities. IJSRETH follows rigorous double peer review mechanism to ensure that submitted articles meet the quality standards.
International Scientific Research Consortium
Dr. Abdulazeez D. El-Ladan
The Future Institute
10 Coventry Innovation Village
Coventry University
Technology Park, CV1 2TL, United Kingdom
Email: admin@internationalpolicybrief.org; irjp.journals@gmail.com
Prof. (Sr.) Mary-Noelle Ethel N. Ezeh
Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University
Anambra State – Nigeria
Dr. Babajide Veronica Folasade T.
Faculty of Education
University of Lagos, Akoka-NG
Professor Phil Marpleet
School of Humanities and Social Sciences
University of East London, UK
Clement Ayarebilla Ali
University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
Dr. Ekei John
Faculty of Education
University of Calabar, Nigeria
Dr. (Suv.) Okoronkwo Chiekezie
Department of Estate Management
Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Imo state
Engr. (Dr) Diji Chukwuemeka
Research, Innovations, Consultancy & Extension
Kampala International University, Uganda
Dr. Manoj Shukla
Dept. of Electronics Engineering
Harcourt Butler Technological Institute
1Ajike Emmanuel O., 2Adefulu Adesoga D., & 3Ademilua, Victor A.
1,2&3Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan –Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
1Olutoye Abayomi A., 2Soetan Timothy A., & 3Worimegbe Powel M.
1,2&3Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan –Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
1Abdulkadir, Ranfat Mamman, 2Garba, Sanni Mohammed, & 3Bokko, Salisu Ali
1&2School of Education Department of Educational Foundations, Niger State College of Education, Minna
3College of Education Bama, Borno State
1Ajike Emmnuel O., 2Kabuoh Margret N., & 3Olumeru, Ololade R.
1,2&3Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan –Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
1Xiuli Chen, 2Tao Wang, 3Xiaoxi Lin, 4Dylan Elliott Hinde, 5Qianhao Yan, & 6Zmire Zeljana
Graduate School of International Studies, Hanyang University, South Korea
1Osibodu, I. I., 2Adefulu, A. D., 3Nwankwere, I. A., & 4Esator, G. O.
1,2,3&4Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria
Peace Ugochi Ibekwe
Department of English and Communication Studies Faculty of Humanities, Federal University, Otuoke, Bayelsa
1Binuyo Adekunle Oluwole, 2Omojokun Temitope, & 3Makinde Olubisi Grace
1,2&3Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria
1Adeola Adejumo, 2Ogwuche David, & 3Marvelous Aigbedion
1,2&3Department of Economics, Bingham University Karu
1Adebanjo, Victoria Abiola, 2Binuyo, Adekunle Oluwole & 3Powel, Maxwell Worimegbe
1School of Management and Business Studies Abraham Adesanya Polytechnic,Ijebu-Igbo, Ogun State.
2&3Business Administration and Marketing Department School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State.
Jin Zhou
Officers College of PAP, Chengdu, 610213, China
1Enobun-Nwidi, Patience Enyiamaka, 2Awen, Benjamin Iorsue, & 3Hannatu G, Danbature
1,2&3Department of Business Education Federal University of Education, Zaria, Kaduna State
1Ohazulike, Leo Atuchukwu, 2Ikhazuagbe Nurudeen & 3Emecheta Michael Brown Ugochukwu
1Department of Marketing, Faculty of Management Sciences Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
2Department of Marketing, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
3Administrator, Anll Green Schools, Kwale, Delta State
1Adefulu, A. D., 2Tiamiyu, A. O., & 3Dogo-Edafe B.
1,2&3School of Management Sciences, Department of Business Administration and Marketing, Babcock University, IlishanRemo, Ogun State, Nigeria
1Nuhu John Egya & 2Namo, Samson Atari
1Department of Humanities and Social Sciences,School of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa
2Faculty of Law, Department of Private & Commercial Law, Federal University Wukari Taraba State-Nigeria
1Namo, Johanna Akerewe, 2Martins Anointing, & 3Ofodogu E. Uche
1,2&3Department of Political Science, Federal University Wukari Taraba State-Nigeria
1Soetan, T. A., 2Onwueje, J. N., M., 3Nwankwere, I. A., & 4Esator, G. O.
1,2.3&4Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria
1Abdullahi Idris Danbaba, 2A.S. El-Nafaty, 3Aminu Umar, 4S. K. Abubakar, 5H. A. Usman, 6S. Tafida
1&5Department of Architecture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
6Scyna Matrix Ltd. B004, Kado Mall, Ahmadu Bello Expressway, Abuja.
Ighodalo Joseph Ejemheare
Department of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic Ekowe, Bayelsa State
1Chinedu C. Chukueggu & 2Osikhiana Onekpe
1&2Department of Fine Arts and Design, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.