Editorial Objectives

Social Sciences Journal of Policy Review and Development Strategies (SSJPRDS) and is a reliable source of citations and abstracts to economic and social science research. The aim of the journal is to disseminate knowledge and to promote intellectual discussions, research analyses, and pragmatic studies including critiques on topics relevant to wider area of social sciences. SSJPRDS is a multidisciplinary journal covering subjects such as politics, economics, public sector management, geography, governance, law, foreign trade, corporate social responsibility, business administration, banking/finance, and many others. Scholars and professionals are invited to contribute their knowledge and experience. SSJPRDS publishes only original research papers, research notes and reviews.

Journal Articles

Effects of Fuel Prices on Economic Activity: Evidence from Nigeria

¹Oboro, Emmanuel David & ²Agbamu, Mercy Etakpobunor

¹Department of Economics, Edwin Clark University Kiagbodo, Delta State, Nigeria
²Department of Sociology, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria

Effect of Technological and Strategic Intelligence on the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in SouthSouth, Nigeria

¹Adigizey, John Dollay & ²Ekpa, Ime Henry

^1&2Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nigeria

Challenges and Prospects in the 21st Century Academic Libraries in Delta State, Nigeria

¹Governor, Afokewhre Henry & ²Guobiazor, Isioma Rita

^1&2Federal College of Education (Tech.), Asaba, Delta State

The Biological and Social Determination of Man's Psychic Development

Fang Wang
College of Foreign Languages,Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China

Oil Theft in the Niger Delta and its Impact on the Environment and the Nigerian Economy

¹Anthony Rufus & ²Johnson Alalibo Sinikiem

^1&2Department of Political Science, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Bayelsa State

Ungoverned Spaces and Rural Insecurity in North Central, Nigeria, 2015-2022

¹Abraham Mark Omakoji, ²Ocheni Mercy Mabe & 3Peter O. Mbah

^1&3Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
²Department of Political Science, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba

Shrinking Value: The Impact of Shrinkflation on Consumer-Packaged Goods in Nigeria's Inflationary Economy

¹Jamila Shu'ara, ²Emmanuel Oladele Olaolu & ³Nkem Okpa Obaji

^1&2Department of Marketing, Baze University, Abuja
³Department of Project Management, Al-Muhibbah Open University, Abuja

Impact of Sectoral Value-Added Taxes on Revenue Generation in Nigeria (1990-2023)

¹Yaska Sambo Alan, ²Akpan, S. Michael, & ³Ologunla E. Sunday

^1,2&3Department of Economics,Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State

Liquidity Indicators and Deposit Money Banks Profitability in Nigeria: 1981-2023

¹Stephanie Ivosire Samson, ²Ogwuche David Dauda & ³Oniore Jonathan Ojarikre

^1,2&3Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria

Collaborative Governance and Partnerships in Policing

Michael Li
University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, USA

Impact of Exchange Rate on Military Capital Expenditure in Nigeria: 1980-2021

¹Yakwal Manshak Lawson & ²Aiyedogbon John

^1&2Department of Economics,Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State

Impact of Investor Sentiment on Stock Market Performance in Nigeria

¹Mohammed Baba Mohammed, ²Sani A. Abdullahi, &³Muhammed Zubairu

¹Department of Business Administration,College of Education and Legal Studies Nguru, Nigeria
^2&3Department of Finance, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria

Assessment of Water Management Practice for Irrigation Around Daura-Mai'adua Area Katsina State Nigeria

¹Aminu Imam & ²Lawal Sani Usman

¹Department of Office Technology and Management The Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda Zamfara State
²Department of Agricultural TechnologyFederal Polytechnic Daura Katsina State

Fiscal Deficit Determinants and Agriculture Sector Output in Nigeria 1993 - 2023

¹Onuoha Onyinyechi Joy, ²Ogwuche D. David, & ³Ologunla E. Sunday

^1,2&3Department of Economics, Bingham University Karu

An Examination of the Constitutional Safeguards for Criminal Justice Administration in Nigeria

¹Mary Jennifer Omachi & ²Egya John Nuhu

¹Faculty of Law, Benue State University Makurdi
²Department of Humanities and Social Sciences,School of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa

Entrepreneurship and Economic Development in Nigeria

¹Wisdom Selekekeme Krokeyi & ²Amaegberi, Michael

^1&2Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State

National Interest and Foreign Policy in Africa; Understanding the South Africa's Perspective

¹Johnkennedy T. Ikyase, ²Ofodogu Eucharia Uche, & ³Martin Anointing

^1,2&3Department of Political Science Federal University Wukari

Assessment of Equity Crowdfunding as an Alternative Source of Finance for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria

¹Ayedun, Taiwo Akinyemi, ²Popoola, Emmanuel Abidemi & ³Olaolu, Emmanuel Oladele

^1&2Department of Entrepreneurship, School of Logistics & Innovation Technology The Federal University of Technology Akure
³Department of Business Management & Marketing, Baze University, Abuja

The Challenge and Dynamics of Peacebuilding and Security Interventions in Rivers State, Nigeria

¹Samuel B. Kalagbor, ²Hachi Sam-Kalagbo & ³Victor Chukwuka Oker

^1,2&3Department of Public Administration,Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Editorial Objectives

The International Journal of Development Strategies in Humanities, Management and Social Sciences (IJDSHMSS) publishes evidence based research findings that addressed specific by specific development issues in humanities, management and social sciences disciplines. Research methodologies are qualitative and quantitative.

Editorial Contact

International Scientific Research Consortium

Dr. Abdulazeez D. El-Ladan
The Future Institute
10 Coventry Innovation Village
Coventry University
Technology Park, CV1 2TL, United Kingdom

Email: admin@internationalpolicybrief.org; irjp.journals@gmail.com

Editorial and Advisory Board

Abdulazeez D. El-Ladan
Coventry University, UK

Professor Nathaniel C. Ozigbo
Department of Business Administration
University of Abuja, Nigeria

Professor Phil Marpleet
School of Humanities and Social Sciences
University of East London, UK

Professor Thomas Traynor
Department of Economics
Ulright State University, USA

Dr. Francis Banuro
University of Ghana Business School, Accra

Dr. Jifeng Wang
University of Illinois, USA

Journal Articles

Office Ergonomics Awareness and Safety Challenges in Zamfara State Tertiary Institutions

¹Ifeoma Joy Nwachukwu & ²Abubakar Muhammad Magaji

¹Department of Office Technologyand Management
²Department of Business AdministrationFederal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria

Cultural Impacts of Indian Satellite Channels' Broadcasted Programs: A Study on Bangladesh

Nawshin Tabassum Tunna
Department of Business Administration in Marketing, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Dhaka, Bangladesh

Interrogating the Enduring Triggers, Escalators and Sustainers of the Globalisation of Boko Haram's Terrorism in Nigeria

¹Anthony Rufus & ²Johnson Alalibo Sinikiem

^1&2Department of Political Science, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Bayelsa State

Impact of Access to Credit on Micro, Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Profitability in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

¹Isa Hezekiah Grace, ²Likita Ogba & ³Alanana C. Abimiku

¹Department of Economics, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
^2&3Department of Economics, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Impact of Migrants' Remittance and its Volatility on Economic Growth in Nigeria

¹Endurance, D. G., ²Aigbedion, M. I., & ³Oniore, J. O.

^1,2&3Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria

Migrant Children and Integration-Related Challenges in Lithuania: The Opinions of Educators (A Case Study)

Grazina Ciuladiene
Faculty of Human and Social Studies, Institute of Communication,
Mykolas Romeris University, LT- 08303 Vilnius, Lithuania

Government Capital Expenditures and Balance of Payment in Nigeria: 1990-2022

¹Saleh, Mohammed Auwalu, ²Aigbedion I. Marvelous, & ³Aiyedogbon, O. John

^1,2&3Department of Economics, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State

The Impact and Challenges Faced by Staff in Maintaining Office Equipment in an Organisation: A Study of North Western Polytechnic

Rilwanu Sani Mohammed
Office Technology and Management, School of Business and Management Studies Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State

Navigating Power and Resistance: Ugbabe Ahebi and the Igbo Women's Uprising Against Colonial Rule 1900-1929

¹Modozie Stanley Ekene & ²Ikaonaworio Eferebo

^1&2Department of History & Int'l Study, Faculty of Humanities, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Rotational Presidency as a Veritable Tool for Sustainable Democracy in Nigeria

¹Anyanwu, Christiantus Izuchukwu & ²Basil Akpan Ekot

^1&2Department of Political Scienceand Diplomacy, Veritas University, Abuja

Artisanal Oil Refining in Ekeremor L.G.A Of Bayelsa State, Nigeria: Socioeconomic Drivers and Environmental Consequences, 2002-2016

Debekeme Kojo Debekeme
Department of History and International Studies Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State

Facility Management Practice and the Organizational Effectiveness of Nigerian Tertiary Institutions in the NorthWest Region

¹Olusegun Kazeem Lekan, ²Yusuf Abdulhakeem & ³Yusuff Nurudeen
Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Federal University Dutsinma, Katsina, P.M.B. 5001, Katsina State. Nigeria.

Nigeria-America Diplomatic Relations and National Security; Interrogating the Boko-Haram Sect 2009-2015

¹Johnkennedy T. Ikyase, ²Emodi Chukwuma Charles & ³Johanna Akerewe Namo

^1&3Department of Political Science, Federal University Wukari
²Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria Nsukka

The Effect of Insurgency on the Right to Life in Nigeria

¹Egya John Nuhu & ²Theresa AladiIgoche

¹Department of GST, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa
²Magistrate I, Benue State Judiciary

Impact of Drug and Psychoactive Substance Abuse on Violence and Crime in Bayelsa State

¹Wisdom Selekekeme Krokeyi & ²Ifeanyi Chukwu Otodo

¹Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences,
²Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences,Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State.

Impact of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth in Nigeria: (1986-2023)

¹Kanu Joy Chinyere, ²Ogwuche O. David, & ³Ezie Obumneke

^1,2&3Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bingham University Karu

Corruption and Accountability Gaps Among Women in Political Leadership in Africa: Alternative Strategies for Women's Political Empowerment

¹Chioma Scholastica Ugwu & ²Kariba-Botoye Queen Idanyingi

^1&2Department of Political and Administrative Studies University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Editorial Objectives

The objective of International Journal of Innovative Research in Education, Technology and Social Strategies (IJIRETSS) is to facilitate intellectual discussions, research analysis, and pragmatic studies and critiques leading to the formulation of policies and suggestions for the improvement of the educational sector, technology and social development strategies across the world. IJIRETSS seeks to develop new theoretical and practical insights in education and technology. In addition to original research articles, the journal publishes case studies and book reviews. All manuscripts are subject to peer review for quality

Journal Articles

Exchange Rate Volatility and Manufacturing Sector Exports in Nigeria

¹Sekyen Kumshin Bakle, ²Gideon G. Goshit & ³Alanana Christopher Abimiku

¹Department of Business Education Federal College of Education, Pankshin, Nigeria
^2&3Department of Economics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

A Framework for Improving the Location-Based Service Using Casandra Technology

¹B. Temuujin, ²Jaewon Park, & ³Eui-In Choi

^1,2&3Department of Computer Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea

The Role of Information Technology (IT) in Poverty Alleviation Among the Citizens of Zamfara State: Case Study of Zamfara Information Technology Development Agency (ZITDA), Zamfara State, Nigeria

¹Abdulrashid Umar & ²Abubakar Muhammad Magaji

¹Department of Office Technology and Management
²Department of Business Administration Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria

Perceived Factors Affecting Teaching of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Programmes in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria

¹Omobola Amudalat Sanusi & ²Latifat Yusuf

¹Department of Office Technology and Management, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State
²Department of Marketing, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State

Cultural and Religious Identities as Threats to Glocalization Strategy: Nigerian Experience

¹Asika, Kenneth-Rex Chibuzor, ²Udo-Orji, Chidinma & ³Okatta, Aloysius Uzoma

^1&3Department of Business Admin.
²Department of Marketing,K.O. Mbadiwe University, Ogboko Imo State

Assessment of the Impact of Mining Activities on Water Quality in Kujama, Southern Kaduna - Nigeria

¹Abubakar Bello, ²Ganiyat Bukola Olajide& ³Sani Inuwa Lamido

¹Department of Mineral & Petroleum Resources Engineering
²Department of Chemical Engineering Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna – Nigeria

A Study on the Basic Problems of Ideological and Political Teaching Reform in the Major Courses of Universities

¹Guihai Liu, ²Xiaohong Liu, ³Zhenhui Huang, ⁴Fulong Cui1, & ⁵Meixuan Ren

^1,4&5College of City Construction, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
²College of Marxism, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
³Student Office of Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China

Impact of Cashless Policy Intensity on Economic Growth in Nigeria: 2009q1-2022q4

¹Mbabie, Francis Chigozie, ²Aigbedion, I. Marvelous, & ³Ezie Obumneke

^1,2&3Department of Economics, Bingham University Karu

Analyzing the Role and Impact of Computer Technicians in Enhancing Organisational Cybersecurity Resilience in Nigerian Federal Polytechnics

Abubakar Yusuf
Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State
School of Business and Management Studies, Office Technology and Management

Healthcare Determinants and their Impacts on Health Sector Development in Nigeria

¹Alla, Eshan Abu, ²Aigbedion I. Marvelous, & ³Aiyedogbon John

^1,2&3Department of Economics, Bingham University Karu

Assessment of Rural Households Food Insecurity in Obanliku Local Government Area of Cross River State

¹Ishiekwen Bridget Ushang & ²E. N. Alozie

¹Department of Home Economics, College of Education Akamkpa, Cross River State
²Department of Home Economics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State

The Role of African Languages in African Development: Challenges and Prospects

P. A. Matemilola
Department of YorùbáFederal College of Education,

Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence in the Nigerian Education System: A Philosophical Call for Policy Integration and Curriculum Reform

¹Abubakar Shehu Sadiq, ²A'isha Jibril Bello & ³Salisu Tukur

^1,2&3Department of Primary EducationSchool of Early Childhood Care and Education/Primary Education Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto

Editorial Objectives

The International Journal of Advanced Studies in Engineering and Scientific Inventions (IJASESI) publishes articles and reviews within the whole filed Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies. Topics of interest covered, but not limited to Medical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Software Engineering, Electrochemical Engineering, Telecommunication Engineering, Communication Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Food Engineering, Biological and Bio System Engineering, Agriculture Engineering, Geological Engineering, Bio mechanical & Biomedical, Engineering, Environment Engineering, Mathematics, Science, Astronomy. The Journal brings together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world.

Journal Articles

Development of a Portable Machine for Drying Vegetable Leaves for Preservation

¹Ayanru Jamesmary Efosa & ²M. S. Abolarin

^1&2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

Analysing the Core Diameter and Insulation Thickness of Electrical Wires within Designated Zones in Nigeria

¹S. E. Okoroego, ²I. Uduehi, ³A. Y. Sharif, ⁴E. C. Okoli, & ⁵K. R. Kamil

^1,2,3,4&5Science Laboratory Technology Department,Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute, Abuja, Nigeria

Preferred Prefab: Examining the Cultural Acceptance of Assembly-Line Homes for Sustainable Housing Delivery in Nigeria

¹Ebelechukwu Obianuju Enwerekowe, ²Michael Onyemaechi Ajufoh, ³Sunnom Victor Ibrahim, ⁴Ripnung Shem Lekjep & ⁵Ann Muopwun Katyen

^1,2,3,4&5Department of Architecture, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Evaluation of Social Media Marketing Awareness for Boosting Economic Growth in Nigeria

¹Iliyasu, Mohammed Awwal, ²Abdul, Hussaina & ³Danjuma, Mustafa Makun

^1,2&3Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Niger State College of Education, P.M.B 39 Minna.

The Impact of Real Traffic from Twitter for 5g Network Deployment

¹Alfin Hikmaturokhman, ²Kalamullah Ramli, ³Muhammad Suryanegara, ⁴Raden Deiny Mardian, ⁵Amir Musa Baharsyah, ⁶Muntaqo Alfin Amanaf,⁷Muhammad Abdi, & ⁸Yuyun Dwi Wijayanti

^{1,2,3, &4}Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
^5,6,7,&8Telecommunication Engineering, Institut Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Indonesia

ILO- Occupational Safety and Health Management Practices Existing in Building Construction Companies in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

¹Christian, Obinna Mgbeahuru, ²Simeon, Okoronkwo Utobo, ³Nicholas Chukwu & ⁴Emmanuel Udomiaye

^1,2,3&4Department of Architecture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences,Alex Ekwueme-Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Effects of Computer Simulation Demonstration Instruction Strategy and Gender Challenges on Male and Female Students' Achievement in Physics in Ohafia Education Zone Abia State

¹Amaju Chigoziri Augustine, ²Joseph Kalu Ngozi & ³Jubril A. K.

¹Department of Physics, School of Science Education, Abia State College of Edu. (Tech) Arochukwu
²Departmentof Science Education,College of Edu,MichaelOkpara Universityof Agriculture Umudike
³Department of Electrical/Electronic Technology, Abia State College of Edu. (Tech) Arochukwu

Science, Technology and Sustainable Development: The Challenges on African Countries and their Solutions

Onyewadume Elizabeth Bose

Department of Mathematics, Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba

Assessment of Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) in Lowering High Blood Cholesterol Among Academic and Non-Academic Staff of University of Lagos

¹C. M Adewunmi & ²A. F Jaiyeoba

^1&2Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education Faculty of Education, University of Lagos

Exploiting the Electrolysis Industry for Sustainable Climate and National Economic Growth: Exploring the Science Classroom Privileges

¹Veronica F. T. Babajide, ²Isiaka A. Raheem, &³Abdukarim Abdulsalam

^1,3Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Universityan of Lagos,
²Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos

Creative Game Design Training Requirements

¹Raudyah Md Tap, ²Nor Azan Mat Zin & ³Hafiz Mohd Sarim

^1,2&3Center for Software Technology and Management, Faculty of Information Science and Technology,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Evaluation of Essential Success Factors for Projects Involving Public-Private Partnerships in Kaduna Metropolis

¹Daniel I. Dabo & ²David Ayock Ishaya

¹Department of Quantity Surveying, College of Environmental Studies, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria
²Department of Estate Management, School of Environmental Studies, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Renewable Energy Solution of Wind Turbine Using Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for Energy Efficiency and Reliability

¹Osuji Christopher Uche & ²Onwughalu MarkAnthony Kenechi

^1&2Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Anambra State, Nigeria

Quality and Access to Science and Biology Teacher Education in Nigeria: The Journey So Far

¹Achigbe, Julius Ogri, & ²Effiong Oji Ekpo

^1&2Department of Integrated Science,Cross River State College of Education, Akamkpa

Impact of Physics on the Economy of Nigeria: Roles, Contributions, and Relevance of Physics in Real Life Situations

¹Sunday Adeniyi Adeyemo, ²Veronica Folasade Titilayo Babajide, & ³Efetemabo Adaeze Onoyake

^1,2&3Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of Lagos

A Methodology for Cell Merging Circuit Transformation on Post-Placement High Speed Design

¹Diana Tan Hui, ²Arjuna Bin Marzuki, & ³Jennifer Lim Min

^1,2&3School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering,Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, 14300, Malaysia

Sea Level Rise and its Impact on Ayetoro Community, Ondo State, Nigeria

Olorunlana, Folasade Aderonke

Department of Geography and Planning Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

Comparison of Proximate Composition and Mineral Contents of Citharinus Citharus and Mormyrus Rume from Upper River Benue

¹Onyia, Emmanuel Chigozirem, ²Abubakar, Musa Abubakar & ³Onyia, Lucky Uche

¹Department of Zoology,
^2&3Department of Fisheries,Modibbo Adama University, PMB 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Editorial Objectives

The International Journal of Advanced Research in Public Policy, Social Development and Enterprise Studies (IJARPPSDES) is a peer-reviewed research-driven Journal that provides intellectual platform for the dissemination of critical and empirical research papers in Public Policy, Social Development and Management Sciences. The Journal publishes original reviews, conceptual and empirical issues, as well as policy discourse that affect the framework of nation building, management practices and sustainable development. The articles in the Journal are open access to different countries around the world.

Journal Articles

Analyzing the Impact of the Electoral Reform of 2008 on the Outcome of the General Election of 2011

¹Shuaibu Sulaiman& ²Abuhuraira Ado Musa

¹Department of Community Health, Emirates College of Health Sciences and Technology (ECOHSAT), Kano, Kano Nigeria
²Dangote Business School, Bayero University Kano, Kano Nigeria

Driving Business Growth: Exploring the Impact of Entrepreneurial Research and Development of SMEs in Selected States in Nigeria

¹Odebode, Oluwatoyin O., ²Oladayo-Ibrahim Ifeoluwa S., & ³Bikomo Omonoro W.

^1,2&3Centre for Entrepreneurship Development Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos

Social Safety Programmes and Economic Development in Nigeria

Wisdom Selekekeme Krokeyi

Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences,Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State.

Examining Displacement, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Process: The Case of Rengali Dam Displaced Communities in Odisha, India

¹Uttam Sahoo & ²Bipin Jojo

¹School of Social Work, Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai, India.
²Centre For Social Justice and Governance, School of Social Work,Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai, India.

Factors Mitigating Against Women Participation in Computer Science in Borno State

¹Ojo Oluwasesan Adebusuyi, ²Abdullahi Abdulfatai Oluwashina, ³Aji abdulmumini, & ⁴Itodo Andrew

^1&4Computer Science Department,
²Economics Department,
³Centre for Human Resource Development, Umar Ibn Ibrahim El-kanemi College of Education, Science and Technology, Bama, Borno State

Social Media Political Campaigns and Voting Behaviour Among Electorate in Owerri Municipal During the Electioneering of the 2023 General Elections in Imo State, Nigeria

¹Okolie, Uloma Rosemary & ²Orji, Uchenna Franklin

^1&2Department of Mass Communication Imo State Polytechnic, Omuma

Research on Public Political Trust in Public Crisis Management in Laos

Sithileuxay Vatsalaphone

School of Public Administration, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.

Covid-19 Lockdown and Spike in Yahoo Activities in Nigeria

¹Ene, Warikiente Robert & ²Otobo Irene Odion

^1&2Department of Sociology and Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences, Federal University Otuoke

Social Media and Youths Voting Behaviour in Nigeria: A Study on Political Science Students of Federal University Wukari 2024

¹Namo, Innocent Benjamin, ²Agwadu, Lhebade & ³Amakoromo, Woyinmo Timi

^1,2&3Department of Political Science, Federal University Wukari

Measuring the Effects of Pressure on Consumer Impulse Buying Intention in Online Group Buying

¹Yin Xu, ²Sam Dzever & ³Guoqin Zhao

^1&3Central University of Finance and Economics, China
²Institute Mines Telecom Business School, LITEM, Université ParisSaclay, France

Ecowas Protocol on Free Movement of Persons and the Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons in Northeast Nigeria

¹Nwokah, Imere Lordmizer, ²Murtala, Mohammed & ³Adiele, Alechi Promise

^1&2Department of Political Science Federal University Wukari
³Department of Political Science Ignatius Ajuru University of Education Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt

Career Challenges and Employee Productivity

Oremodu, Solomon Akinsanya

Caleb University, Imota-Lagos, Nigeria

Impact of Selected Macroeconomic Variables on Human Capital Development in Nigeria

¹Nwuju, Oliver Chimezie, ²Aiyedogbon O. John, & ³Aigbedion, Marvelous

^1,2&3Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bingham University Karu

Food Security and Life Expectancy in Selected Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

¹Chika Priscilla Imoagwu, ²Chris Ulua Kalu, ³Benedict Ikemefuna Uzoechina & ⁴Ebele Stella Nwokoye

^1,2,3&4Department of Economics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

Broad Money Supply and Economic Growth: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

¹Simon Ternenge Asongo, ²Sunday Esidiri Akiri, & ³Member Ahemen

³Department of Economics, Nigeria Police Academy, Wudil Kano
^1&2Department of Economics Benue State University, Makurdi

Firm Specifics and Capital Structure of the Selected Insurance Firms in Nigeria

¹Byuan, Mathias Terwase, ²Osoba, B Samson, ³Udu, Ama Aka, ⁴Abdullahi, Shehu Araga & ⁵Tyohen T. James

^1,2,3,4&5Faculty of Management Sciences National Open University of Nigeria

Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the Financial Performance of Quoted Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria

¹Anyanwu, Hyginus Chukwuemeka, ²Uchegbu, Basil C. & ³Chima, Ambrose Ndubuisi

^1,2&3Department of Accountancy Faculty of Vocational and Technology Education Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Factors Influencing Female Involvement in Crime and Criminality Among Inmate of Igbeba Correctional Centre, Ijebu Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria

¹Balogun, Olukunle Olagunju, ²Okunola, John Lola & ³Ajayi, Olatunde O.

^1&2Department of Adult and Development Education, College of Specialized and Professional Education,
³Department of Sociological Studies, College of Social and Management Science, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun State. Nigeria

Colonialism as the Root Cause of the Conflict in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

¹Cinjel, Nandes Dickson, ²Oboromeni Weinoh & ³Emmanuel Danladi

^1&3Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management,Federal University Wukari, Taraba
²Department of Public Administration, National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja

Objectives

Education and Science Journal of Policy Review and Curriculum Development (ESJPRCD) publish research articles relating to education and sciences. It publishes original research findings, experiments, action research, case studies, peer review articles in the fields of education and sciences. The objective is to create forum for researchers in education and sciences to publish their research findings

Journal Articles

Emotional Intelligence and Socio-Economic Background as Determinant of Academic Achievement Among Students of Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State-Nigeria

¹ Yahaya Bello Babamba, ²Julius Samson & ³ Muhammad Nana Hauwa

^1,2&3Department of Educational PsychologyFederal College of Education, Zaria

Communication in Science and Science Communication in Nigerian Institutions of Learning-The Trend this Far

¹ Arowolo, Jacob Gbemiga, ²& Ojoko, Augusta Ndidi

^1&2 Integrated Science Department, Federal College of Education, Kontagora Niger State

The Use of AR in Secondary Education: Educational Augmented Reality Material to Enhance Students' Digital and Social Skills

Aikaterina Koti

Department of Primary Education,National and KapodistrianUniversity of Athens, Athens, Greece

Effects of Ill-Equipped Laboratory in the Conduct of Biology Practical in Secondary Schools in Kagarko Local Government Area of Kaduna State

¹ Isyaku Amina, ²Oalere Joshua & ³Ruth Nkap

^1,2&3Integrated Science Department Federal College of Education, Kontagora

Harnessing the Impact of Energy Conservation in Rescuing Nigeria from Economic Crisis

¹ Sunday Adeniyi Adeyemo, ² Veronica Folasade Titilayo Babajide, & ³Eniola Habeebat Adetela

^1,2&3Department of Science Education,Faculty of Education, University of Lagos

Challenges of Virtual Classroom Management in Quality Instructional Delivery of Educational Management Courses in Rivers State Owned Universities in the 21st Century

¹ Pritta Menyechi Elenwo, ²Abigail Ebom-Jebose, & ³Joyce Ebiteme Julius

^1,2&3Department of Educational Management,Faculty of Education, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt

Digital Civilization and Teachers' Instructional Practices in Lagos State Secondary Schools

¹ Oshionebo, Esther Emike & ²Owolabi, Olawale Abiodun

^1&2 Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, University of Lagos, Akoka

The Policy and Practice of Mathematics Mastery: The Effects of Neoliberalism and Neoconservatism on Curriculum Reform

¹ Nick Pratt, & ²Julie Alderton

¹Plymouth Institute of Education,University of Plymouth, Plymouth,UK
² Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

Entrepreneurship Skill Acquisition as Major Factor in Business Development in Delta State

Orhorhoro, Pauline N.

Department of Marketing Education Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba

Hard and Soft Skills Needed for the Production of Fabric Bags by Technology and Vocational Education Graduates for Self Reliance in Lagos State Nigeria

Veronica Iyalekhue Abusomwan

Department of Technology and Vocational Education (Home Economics Unit), Faculty of Education, University of Lagos, Lagos State

Business Information Management Practices Adopted by Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Ebonyi State

¹Igwe, Kingsley Ogazi, ²C. A.Oduma & ³Utebor, Joy Nwanneamaka

^1,2&3Department of Business Education, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

Sand Mining, Sustainable Environment and Natural Resources as SDGs Driver in Sub-Saharan Africa

¹Abiodun Akinola Oladiti, ²Gbenga Edward Oladokun, & ³Ronke Iyabo Adeduntan

¹Department of Social Studies and Civic Education,
²Department of Geography and Environmental Education, Emmanuel Alayande University of Education, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria
³Department of Social Sciences,Faculty of Education, University of Lagos, Nigeria

The Impact of Recruitment on Academic Staff Development in the State Higher Educational Institutions of Borno State

¹Aji Abdulmumini, ²Ojo Oluwasesan Adebusuyi, ³Abdullahi Abdulfatai Oluwashina & ⁴Salima Joshua

¹ Centre for Human Resource Development
² Department of Computer Science
³ Department of Economics, School of Social Sciences
⁴ Department of Social Studies, School of Social Sciences Umar Ibrahim Ibn El-Kanemi Coll. of Educ. Sc. and Tech, Bama, Borno State.

Israel's Education Policy Toward the Arab Education System from a Historical Perspective from 1948 to 2022

Jamal Abu-Hussain

Al-Qasemi Academy, Baqa Algarbeya, Israel

Implementation of Physics Research Outcome: Panacea for Resuscitating the Nigerian Dwindling Economy

¹Veronica Folasade Titilayo Babajide, ²Sunday Adeniyi Adeyemo,& ³Sunday Olusegun Omosule

^1,2&3Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of Lagos

Developmental Challenges of Water and Sanitation Among Residents in Rural Communities in Nigeria

¹Lale Peniel Ochure, ²Dan, Felicia Agbor –Obun, ³Edet Itam Ben, & ⁴Ukpata, Christiana Ofie

^1,2,3&4Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education
Faculty of Vocational and Science Education, University of Calabar

An Assessment of the E-Learning Readiness of Lecturers of Kashim Ibrahim College of Education Maiduguri Borno State Nigeria

Mustapha Bukar Gana

Umar Ibn Ibrahim El-Kanemi, College of Education Science &Technology PMB 16 Bama Borno State

Editorial Objectives

The International Journal of Operational Research in Management, Social Sciences & Education (IJORMSSE), provides a viable intellectual platform to promote discussions, research analyses and findings in operational research in the fields of Management, Social Sciences and Education. The articles in the Journal are open access to different users in different countries around the world. The quality of papers published are ascertained by an International Editorial Board who operate through a double-blind peer review process.

Journal Articles

Employee Retention Strategies and Service Quality of Selected Five-Star Hotels in Lagos State, Nigeria

¹Ojeyemi, S. S. & ²Egbuta, O. U.

^1&2Department of Business Administration and Marketing,
School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

Beyond the Digital Divide: A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Knowledge Societies

¹Ravi S. Sharma, ²Elaine W. J. Ng, ³Mathias Dharmawirya & ⁴Chu Keong Lee

¹Institution and Department, Zayed University, College of Technology Innovation (UAE)
²Marketing Communications Manager for Microsoft's Communications Sector in Asia
^3&4Wee Kim Wee School of Communication & Information
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Digital Capability and Sustainable Performance of Microenterprises: A Framework for Owner-Managers

¹Aderonke Folagbade, ²Joy Philip Mshelmbula, ³Akintunde Olawande Ayeni & ⁴Idi Jamok Arandong

^1,2&4Department of Business Administration, University of Jos
³Department of Banking and Finance, University of Jos

Impact of Metaverse Technology on Global Marketing, and Advertising (Study of MTN and Omel Brand and Media Limited)

¹Olaide Kehinde Taofeek, ²Samaila Mande, ³Adegbola Eunice Abimbola, ⁴Folorunsho Mejabi, ⁵Moriliat Ibiwumi Ajila & ⁶Aboho Terfa

^1,2,3,4,5&6Department of Business Administration
Faculty of Management Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria Abuja, Nigeria

Internal Organisational Factors and Access to Finance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Lagos State, Nigeria

¹Falore, T. O., ²Adefulu, A. D. & ³Nwankwere, I. A.

^1,2&3Department of Business Administration and Marketing,
School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

Impact of Power Sector Expenditures on Economic Growth in Nigeria

¹S. L. Mairafi, ²S. A. Amana, & ³A. I. Onyishi

^1,2&3Department of Banking and Finance, Nasarawa State University Keffi

Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Marketing Performance of E-Commerce Platforms in Nigeria

¹Stanley Akpevwe Onobrakpeya & ²Theresa Josh-Palmer Bayagbon

¹Department of Marketing, School of Business Studies, Federal Polytechnic Orogun, Delta State, Nigeria
²Department of Marketing,Delta State Polytechnic Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria

Impact of Auditing on Deposit Money Banks' Performance in Nigeria: A Study of Selected Institutions

¹Irem Sylvester Nwachukwu, ²B. N. Okezie, ³Ikechukwu Eze Okereke, ⁴Ikwor Ogbonnaya & ⁵Robert Nnachi

^1,2&5Department of Accountancy,
^3&4Depatment of Economics and Development Studies,Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Effect of Fiscal Policy Measures on Agricultural Output in Nigeria

¹Salami Khadijat, ²Udenwa Theresa Agbonma, & ³Abdul, Zainab Husseini

^1,2&3Department of Banking & Finance, Nasarawa State University, Keffi- Nasarawa State

Impact of Work Life Balance on Employees Ability to Meet Set Targets in Guaranty Trust Bank (GTB), Abuja, Nigeria

¹Simeon, Joy Omokeza & ²Ndulue, Ifeyinwa Theresa

^1&2Department of Business Administration University of Abuja, Nigeria

Unemployability of Nigerian Graduates: A Conspiracy Theory or Etymological Myth?

¹Nkem Okpa Obaji, ²Jamila Shu'ara, & ³Emmanuel Oladele Olaolu

¹Department of Project Management, Al-Muhibbah Open University, Abuja
^2&3Department of Business Management and Marketing, Baze University, Abuja

Distribution and Inventory Planning in Multi-Echelon Supply Chains Under Demand Uncertainty

¹Joaquim Jorge Vicente, ²Susana Relvas & ³Ana Paula Barbosa-Póvoa

¹CEG-IST – Centre for Management Studies,
²Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa,
³Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal

Effect of Self- Regulated Learning Instructional Strategy on Students' Achievement in Physics Concepts Among Senior Secondary Schools

¹Azowenunebi, L. O., ²Adeyemo S. A. & ³Babajide, V. F. T.

^1,2&3Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of Lagos

Isolation and Identification of Fungi in Fermented Locust Beans (Parkia Biglobosa) Preserved by Different Storage Methods

Irechukwu, Precious Ginika

Department of Biology Education, School of Science,
Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka, Yaba Lagos,

Impact of Non-Oil Taxation on Economic Growth in Nigeria

¹Yusuf Yakubu Samaila, ²Aigbedion I. Marvelous, & ³Ologunla S. Emmanuel

^1,2&3Department of Economics,
Bingham University Karu

The Interaction Between Financial Integration, Financial Development, and Economic Growth: An ECOWAS Case Study

¹Malachy, Ashywel Ugbaka, ²Ayodele Oluwafemi &³Amaraihu, Omeremma Christopher

^1,2&3Department of Economics, University of Calabar, Nigeria

Oil Price Fluctuations and Inflation Rate in Nigeria

¹Danjuma, Irinyang Joro & ²Amadi, Kingsley Wobilor

^1&2Department of Economics,Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

Awareness And Participation in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) Among Lecturers of Umar Ibn Ibrahim El-Kanemi College of Education, Science and Technology, P.M.B. 16, Bama, Borno State

¹Modu Aisami & ²Mustapha Bukar Gana

^1&2Umar Ibn Ibrahim El-Kanemi College of Education,
Science and Technology, P.M.B.16, Bama, Borno State, Nigeria.

Skill Development and Apprentices Performance in Aluminium Sub-Sector: A Way Out of Nigeria Economic Quagmire

¹Musah Ishaq, ²Momoh Suleman Imonikhe & ³Momoh Nanafatimah Bello

¹Department of Human Resource Management, School of Administration, Business and Management Studies Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State
²Executive Commissioner, National Hajj Commission of Nigeria, Abuja
³Department of Business Administration and Management, School of Business Studies, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State

Government Roles and Business Sustainability of Selected Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Ogun State, Nigeria

¹Adeoye, Solomon O., ²Dipeolu, Oyinlola F., ³Ayeni, D., ⁴Agbeniga, Florence I., & ⁵Akoma, Lucy O.

^1,2,3,4&5Faculty of Management Sciences, Department of Business Administration and Marketing,
Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

Effect of Dutch Disease on the Agricultural Sector in Nigeria: An ARDL Approach

¹Ogunoye, Aderounmu Adebayo, & ²Adeyemi, P. A.

¹Department of Economics and Development Studies,Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Islamic University in Uganda, Mbale, Uganda
²Department of Economics, Faculty of The Social Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Interplay Between Home Economics and Nutritional Values and the Challenges of Increasing Life Expectancy in Ogun State, Nigeria

¹Ifebajo, Abiodun Yetunde & ²Ilori, Olasumbo

¹Department of Home Economics Education, Federal College of Education (Tech), Akoka, Lagos State
²Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Ojere, Ogun State

A Geographical Analysis of Collapsed Plastic Small-Scale Industries in Kano, Nigeria

¹Abdulrazak Usman& ²Mahmoud Zubair Imam

¹Federal College of Education (Technical) Bichi, Kano State, Nigeria
²Sa'adatu Rimi University of Education Kumbotso, Kano-Nigeria

Effect of Financial Inclusion on Entrepreneurial Growth of the MSMEs in Gombe State

¹Iyakwari Anna Dyaji Baba, ²Zubair A. Zulaihatu, & ³Aigbedion Marvelous

^1&3Department of Economics, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State
²Federal University Dutsinma Kastina

Summarizing Diplomatic Lawlessness in International System: Issue and Dilemmas

¹1Johnkennedy T. Ikyase & ²Ibrahim, Nuaimu Danbala

^1&2Department of Political Science,
Federal University Wukari, Taraba State

Editorial Objectives

The International Journal of Advanced Research in Tourism, Environment and Social Science (IJARTESS) offers a comprehensive platform for rigorous academic research and strategic insights in the field of tourism. With a focus on innovation and excellence, IJARTESS provides valuable contributions to both theory and practice, serving as a vital resource for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. Through its commitment to high-quality publications and interdisciplinary perspectives, the journal seeks to advance knowledge and shape the future of tourism research and strategy.

Journal Articles

Linking Housing Settings and Hospitality Values: Exploring Cultural Misconceptions Among Tiv People of Central Nigeria

¹Thomas Terna Aule, ²Moses Iorakaa Ayoosu, ³Vincent Yaakugh, ⁴ 5John Terzungwe Shinyi, & ⁵Solomon Iorfa Aule

¹Department of Architectural Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda
²Faculty of Architecture, Bingham University, Karu
³Department of Sociology, Benue State University, Makurdi
⁴Public Relations Unit, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda
⁵Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Orogun, Delta State.

Building Heritage Brand Equity Through Social Media Sales Promotion: The Role of Power Distance

¹Esmeralda Crespo-Almendros, ²Ma Belén Prados-Peña, ³Lucia Porcu & ⁴Juan Miguel Alcántara Pilar

^1,2,3&5Department of Marketing and Market Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
⁴Faculty of Education, Economy and Technology of Ceuta

Application of Modern Technology in Aggressive Crime Deterrence and Control: A Study of Kidnapping, Armed Banditry and Displacement of People in North West Nigeria

¹M. D. Isah, ²Hajara D. S., ³Muhammed H. R., ⁴Rafaatu O., ⁵Ahmad T. & ⁶Muhammad, S. I.

Department of Social Development, Department of General Studies,
Department of Computer Science,Department of Arts and Social Sciences and Department of Public Administration Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi & Aliero University, Kebbi State.

Impact of Fiscal Policy Indicators on the Manufacturing Sector in Nigeria

Joshua-Gyang, Emily

Department of Economics,
Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State

Integrating Tradition and Innovation Within a Wine Tourism and Hospitality Experience

¹Abel Duarte Alonso, ²Alessandro Bressan, ³Oanh Vu Thi Kim, ⁴Seng Kiat Kok & ⁵Erhan Atay

^1,3&4School of Business and Management,RMIT International University Vietnam, HCMC, Vietnam
²School of Business, ĉe University of Notre Dame, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
⁵School of Business and Management, RMIT International University Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam

Repositioning Social Studies Education as a Mechanism for Sustainable National Development in Nigeria

Edewor Kehinde Omolara

Olabisi Onabanjo University
Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria

Socioeconomic Impact of Rural-Urban Migration in Bayelsa State

¹Wisdom Selekekeme Krokeyi & ²Amaegberi, Michael

^1&2Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences,
Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State.

Objectives

Education and Science Journal of Policy Review and Curriculum Development (ESJPRCD) publish research articles relating to education and sciences. It publishes original research findings, experiments, action research, case studies, peer review articles in the fields of education and sciences. The objective is to create forum for researchers in education and sciences to publish their research findings

Journal Articles

Trend and Impact of Women Economics: A Macro-Economic Assessment

¹Suleiman T. H., ²Abalaka, J. N. & ³Ajiteru, S. A. R
1&2Crown University Intl Chartered Inc, Faculty of Social Science, USA
³Department of Political Science & International Relations Achievers University, Owo, P.M.B.1030 Owo Ondo State Nigeria

Residents / Community Perception of the Application of Hard and Soft Landscape Elements for Environmental Quality in Ngwo Enugu State, Nigeria

¹Odom Ifeanyi Chijioke, ²Ani D. Chinedu, ³Ilo Winnie N., ⁴Duru, Marcus N. & ⁵Okolo Obiageli J.
^1&3Department of Horticultural Technology, Enugu State Polytechnic, Iwollo, Nigeria
^2&5Centre for Environmental Management and Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus
⁴Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri

How do We Clean Up all that Ocean Plastic?

Renee Cho
Columbia Climate School, Columbia

NHIS Enrollees' Satisfaction with Health Care Services Provided by HMO-Accredited Health Facilities, and NonEnrollees' Willingness to Participate in the NHIS and Pay for Health Insurance in Kaduna Metropolis

¹Kawai Vincent & ²Nkom John
¹Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal School of Statistics, Manchok, Kaduna State, Nigeria
²Department of Economics, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Geospatial-Based Approach to Siting Suitable Cattle Ranch in Bauchi State, Nigeria

¹Muhammad Shehu ²Kardam, Ahmed Babayo, & ³Abdulkadir Abubakar
^1,2&3Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi

Low Retention, Diversity Among School Principals Sparks Need for Long-Term Strategies

¹Maile Symonds & ²Michael Hansen
¹Westat Rockville, Maryland, United States
²Brown Center on Education Policy, Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C., United States